Swat- Dee

Higher Education in Thailand

Royal family and Thai HE

Presentation Outline

Thai Higher Education Profiles University Governance + Regulations Quality Assurance

Major issues in Thai HE and policy initiatives

Education System in Thailand

General Administration of MOE after 2003 Education Reform

Ministry of Education

Office of Permanent Secretary

Office of National Education Commission

Office of Basic Education Commission

Office of Vocational Education Commission

Commission on Higher Education

School

Vocational Colleges

Higher Education Institutions

Commission on Higher Education

Ministry of Education

Commission on Higher Education

Secretary - General

Special Organizations

Bureaus

Thai Higher Education

Commission on Higher Education

Autonomous Public Universities (13)

Public Universities (65)

Private HEIs (68)

Community Colleges (19)

Universities (34)

Institutions (5)

Colleges (29)

Relationship: Autonomy VS Gov. regulation/CHE

Autonomy/Regulation Type of Univ.
Autonomous Public Univ. Public Univ.
Academic Admin. Personnel Admin. Financial Admin. Policy

CHE Roles
HE standards Financial support Monitoring & evaluation

Auto

Auto

Auto

Non

Auto

Partial Auto Auto

Gov. regulate Auto

Private Univ.

Auto

Responsibilities of University Council

Responsibilities Public university Public autonomous university Private HEIs

1. Policy formulation 2. Quality & standard supervision 3. Regulations set up

Authorized for personnel admin. to the extent approved by CHE Board

Fully Fully authorized for authorized for personnel & personnel & financial admin. financial admin. & investment & investment

4. Monitoring & Evaluation

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Term of office
Type of Universities Public University Chairman of University Council Appointed by HM the King Not more than 2-4 year term can be reappointed University President Appointed by HM the King upon UCs recommendation Not more than 4-year term
can be reappointed not more than 2 terms consecutively

Autonomous Public University

Private University

Appointed by Minister of Education 4-year term can be reappointed

Appointed by UC Not more than 4-year term can be reappointed

Future Direction
Reduce state regulations

Give full autonomy to public & private universities

Strengthen governance of University Focus on Council -policy & formulation university -Post auditing management

Promote good governance & management of universities

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 University Governance
Teaching

Universitys responsibilities

Research Providing academic services Preserving & promoting arts & culture

Types of HEIs (Degree Granted)

Liberal Arts University
Specialized/ Comprehensive University

Groups of HEIs

Community College

Research/ Graduate University

Types of HEIs
Types of Institution Degree granted of Ph.D. academic staff
Proportion

Proportion of Science vs. Social Science students

Mission for countrys development

Characteristics

of graduates

Service area

1.Community College

AS/AA

10%

20:80

Strengthen community and promote sustainable development

Manpower for local production sector

Province/ District

2. Liberal Arts University

B/M

50%

40:60

Develop local administration organization and regional business

Manpower for driving local change

Province/ region

3.Specialized/ University

Comprehensive

B/M/D

70%

60:40

Manufacturing sector

Knowledge/ Professional workers

Metropolitan/ small cities

4. Research/ Graduate Education

B/M/D Post D

100%

90:10

Competitive Industry

Global prime mover/ opinion leader

Metropolitan/ big cities

Distribution of Higher Education Institutions

Bangkok, 48, 29% East, 8, 5% Northeast, 32, 19%

South, 22, 13% Central , 31, 19%

North, 24, 15%

Bangkok No. of HEIs. 48

(29%)

North 24
(15%)

Central 31
(19%)

Northeast 32
(19%)

South 22
(13%)

East 8
(5%)

No. Students in 2007 & Graduates in 2006

Number of Graduates in 2006 (all degree levels)
Private HEIs 51,428 15% Public HEIs 28,5941 85%

Number of Students in 2007 (all degree levels)

Public HEIs 1,765,409 86%

Private HEIs 283,588 14%

Total: 2,048,997

Curriculum
Degree Current Curriculum Public Lower Bachelor Bachelor Diploma Master Post Grad. Dip. Doctoral Specialized Others 368 7,299 194 2,472 48 842 3 17 Private 2 1,320 20 236 40 New Curriculum Public 21 389 9 92 13 42 2 2 Private 82 4 15 4 -

Total

11,243

1,681

570

105

Number of Total Students Classified by Type of Institution for the Year 2004-2007
HE Institutions
1. Public - Open Admission - Limited Admission 2. Private 3. Rajabhat Universities 4. Rajamangala U. of Technology 5. Community Colleges Total

2004
991,110 597,428 393,682 256,008 450,381 107,074 10,046 1,804,573

2005
1,050,160 602,582 447,578 256,148 474,456 114,984 13,365 1,909,113

2006
1,162,511 668,047 494,464 276,723 557,580 110,055 16,155 2,123,024

2007
1,084,016 558,050 525,966 283,588 533,192 131,665 16,536 2,048,997

Number of New Enrollments for the Year 2004-2007

Higher Education Institutions
1.Public - Open Admission - Limited Admission 2.Private 3.Rajabhat Universities 4.Rajamangala U. of Technology 5.Community Colleges Total

2004
288,361 153,463 134,898 86,147 161,420 47,732 4,613 583,660

2005
294401 146,415 147986 80,690 171280 49,443 6,488 602,302

2006
309,964 151,608 158,356 103,030 171,409 52,032 6,549 642,984

2007
291,542 126,614 164,928 95,635 150,845 52,510 7,378 597,910

Number of Academic Staff and Non-Academic Staff (2007)

1.Academic Staff and NonAcademic Staff 1. Academic Staff - Bachelor - Master - Ph.D. 2.NonAcademic Staff 1+2 78 Public Higher Education Institutions 66 Private Ins. Total 45,429 6,755 26,676 11,804 82,242 % 10 0 15 59 26 14,133 2,731 9,107 2,295 6,942 100 19 65 16 59,562 9,486 35,783 14,099 89,184 100 16 60 24 % Public and Private %

Civil . 29,005 2,932 16,972 9,101 23,705

Uni. 10,916 1,554 6,887 2,475 17,551

Gov. 681 227 451 3 683

Permanent 274 65 175 34 16,510

Temporary 4,553 2,024 2,338 191 23,793

52,710

28,467

1,364

16,784

28,346

127,671

21,075 15 : 59 : 26 19 : 65 : 16 16 : 60 : 24

148,746

Proportion of Faculty Proportion of Faculty Proportion of Faculty

Bachelor: Master: Ph.D. (Public Higher Education Institution) Bachelor: Master: Ph.D. (Private Higher Education Institution) Bachelor: Master: Ph.D. (Public and Private Higher Education Institution)

Number of Graduates Classified by Type of Institution for the Year 2003 - 2006
Higher Education Institutions 1. Public - Open Admission - Limited Admission 2. Private 3. Rajabhat Universities 4. Rajamangala U. of Technology 5. Community Colleges Total 2003 132,256 49,994 82,262 55,013 109,890 31,938 329,097 2004 132,198 39,372 92,826 55,428 107,692 32,372 2,534 330,224 2005 141,134 42,173 98,961 53,816 109,036 38,262 1,667 343,915 2006 143,762 43,714 100,048 51,428 104,851 34,062 3,266 337,369

Enrollment in higher education institutions classified by level of education in 2007

Level of Education Lower than Bachelor Bachelor Diploma Masters
Number Percentage

57,254 1,774,315 18,215 182,210

2.79% 86.59% 0.90% 8.89%

Post Graduate Diploma

Doctoral

764
16,246

0.04%
0.79% 100%

Total

2,048,997

Source: Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Thailand

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Quality System of HE National Education Act (1999)

-

Higher Education Standards Standard Criteria of HE Curriculum QA System (IQA & EQA) NQF(National Qualifications Framework for HE) Accreditation

Higher Education Standards

Comprising of 3 Standards Quality of Graduates Administration in Higher Education Establishing and developing knowledge- based and learningbased society

Quality Assurance System

- to ensure
improvement of educational quality and standards at all levels - IQA & EQA - CHE is responsible for IQA - IQA must be part of educational administration and a continuous process - ONESQA (The Office for National Education Standards and Quality Assessment) is responsible for conducting evaluation of educational achievements of each educational institution (EQA)

Standard Criteria of HE Curriculum: Topic to Consider

-

Degree Designation Admission Requirement Total Credits and Study Duration Structure of Study Program Number and Qualification of Instructors Registration Evaluation Criteria and Graduation Program Quality Assurance Program Development

Types of Degree programs

- Associate Degree Programs - Undergraduate Programs - Graduate Program - Graduate Diploma Program (post baccalaureate level) - Master Program - Higher Graduate Diploma Program (post master degree level) - Doctoral Program

National Qualifications Framework (NQF)

CHE developed a National Qualifications Framework (NQF) for HE to support QA processes. NQF.. - Describe qualifications in terms of standards of learning outcomes of graduates - Describe qualifications in terms of learning outcome rather than prescribing in terms of syllabus, credits, duration of study, etc.

Domain of Learning Outcome

At least 5 domains - Ethical and moral development - Knowledge - Cognitive skills - Inter-personal and responsibility skills - Analytical and communication skills

The Relationships between the Education Standards, Relevant Criteria and the Education Quality Assurance System
National Education Standards
Standard 1

Desirable characteristics of the Thai people as both good citizens of the country and member of the world community

Standard 2 Guidelines for educational provision

Guidelines for creating learning society/Knowledge society Standard 3 Establishing and developing knowledge-based and learning-based society

Standards 3

Higher Education Standards

Standard 1 The quality of graduates

Standard 2 Administration in higher education

Regulations to oversee that the standards are maintained

The internal and external quality assurance

The quality of educational products

Standard and Quality System

Set up Curriculum Standard

NQF
Standards and Quality System

QA Procedure and KPIs

Institutional/Discipline Accreditation

Recommend Special Quality Process Distance Education Criteria Off-Campus HE. Provision Criteria

Quality and Standard System

-

CHE Policy: Public, Autonomous, Private HEIs have to be treated equally under the same standards

Long Range Plan on Higher Education 2008-2022

7 Scenarios
Demography Energy and the Environment Employment Violence and Conflicts Management Decentralization of Thailand
Students Entire Post Industrialization World

Sufficiency Economy

Long Range Plan on Higher Education

9 Issues of HE Development
Articulation of University System with Basic/Vocational Education

Reform of the Existing University Education System

Good Governance and Management

The Role of Universities

Higher Education Financing

University Staff Development

Networking of Universities

Higher education Plan for Southern Thailand

Learning Infrastructures for University Education

Policies: Research Consortium Problem-Based Networking

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.

Converging Technologies in Health Sciences 7. Food, Herb and Fruit Safety 8. Enabling Technologies for Advanced Agriculture 9. Emerging Diseases and Bio-Warfare 10. Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization 11. Environment, Water and Emergency Management & Technology

Alternative Energy Nano-materials and Devices Innovation in Chemistry Physics Mathematics

12. Gems, Ornaments and Fashion 13. Standardization and Instrumentation in S&T 14. Software & Digital Technology Software 15. Logistics, Transportation, Aviation, Traffic 16. Education Innovation and Knowledge Management 17. Intellectual Property and Knowledge Commercialization 18. Languages, Culture, Art and Indigenous Knowledge 19. Social Sciences 20. Science and Technology for National Defense and Security

Output Concept

Publication No. Impact Factor Research Grants

Excellence

vs

Country Needs

Products Patents Commercialization

International vs Local Basic vs Applied

Thank you