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PRESENTED BY
QURAT-UL-AIN TALMEEZ Roll No 3147 SUPERVISOR MRS.TANVEER ABBASS

been prepared by sintering process to be used as bone and teeth implant material

Ceramics in the system CaO-SiO2-TiO2have

 The objective of present work was to develop ceramic material to be used as bone and teeth implant material. The material was based on the system 40CaO-40SiO2-20TiO2 in wt. % and was prepared by sintering process. Powders of analytical grade of CaO-SiO2-TiO2were accurately weighed and thoroughly mixed in mortar and pestle.

After assurance of homogeneity, the mixed powder was compacted into circular pellets of diameter 1.5 cm by hydraulic press by exerting a pressure of 300PSI. The pellets were placed in muffle furnace for sintering. Two stage heat treatment was applied.
First, these were heat treated at 900C for 4 hours and then sintered at 1000C for 4 hours. Fine hard ceramic material was obtained which after testing by different techniques can be used in orthopedic and dentistry.

The Ceramics is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure

Ceramics are classified as Traditional ceramics Advance ceramics Traditional Ceramics:

Traditional ceramics include clay-base materials such as brick, tile, sanitary ware etc. Common usage glass, cement and refractoires are also important classes of traditional ceramics

Advanced ceramics:
Advanced ceramics consist of carbides (SiC), pure oxides (Al2O3), nitrides (Si3N4), non-silicate glasses and many others. Advanced ceramics are also used in the medicine, electrical and electronics industries.

Ceramics are made of materials, which may change their properties on heating. As in general, ceramics are ; Hard Wear-resistant Brittle Refractory Thermal insulators Electrical insulators Chemically stable

Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials which are prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses. Glass is defined as amorphous solid which has been cooled down to rigid condition without crystallization .To convert glasses into corresponding glass-ceramics, first they are melted then fabricated to shape and after a suitable heat treatment are converted to crystalline ceramics

Glass-ceramic preparation process comprise of the following steps; Glass Preparation Glass-Ceramic Preparation

Various steps involved in preparation of glass-ceramics were

Weighing Mixing Melting Mould Pressing Heat Treatment Glass Ceramic

Ceramics are used in:

Aerospace Engineering Consumer Uses Military Uses Ceramics use in Communication Medical Field

INSTRUMENTATIONS:

The following instruments were used to prepare ceramics;

Digital balance Mortar and pestle Hydraulic press Die Furnace

The materials used for preparation of ceramics were:

Calcium oxide (CaO) Silicon dioxide (SiO2) Titanium dioxide (TiO2)

For preparation of ceramics sample different steps were involved.

Weighing Mixing and Grinding Mould Pressing Sintering Final Product

Digital balance having capacity of 300mg (Model EL300) from SHIMADZU Co. ltd; has been used for weighing of samples. Analytical grade powders of calcia, silica and titanium dioxide were accurately weighed by digital balance
Chemical
CaO
SiO2 TiO2

Wt.%
40
40 20

A mortar and pestle is a tool used to crush, grind, and mix substances. The pestle is a heavy stick whose end is used for pounding and grinding, and the mortar is a bowl. The substance is ground between the pestle and the mortar. The weighed inorganic oxides samples were thoroughly mixed and grinded by mortar and pestle to obtained fine and homogenous powder.

Die is used for making pellets. The dies available in Lahore College for Women University are of diameters 12, 15 and 20 mm. The pellets compacted by die were of 15 mm.

Commonly used hydraulic presses are of have two jaws one of which is fixed and other moveable for applying pressure, which usually moves with a handle. An indicator is attached to the press, to indicate the pressure applied. After grinding, the crushed material was compacted into circular pellets by exerting a pressure of 0.414 tons by hydraulic press (R+D Engineers, Pakistan).

Muffle furnace model (Vulcan500) is automated high temperature furnace. It has a temperature 11000C with provision to control heating rate. The compacted pellets were placed in Muffled furnace. For sintering two-stage heat treatment was applied. First, pellets were placed at 9000C for four hours and then heated at 10000C for four hours to form a hard product.

 Final product was in the form of fine hard ceramic material which after testing by different techniques can be used in orthopedic and dentistry. The final product obtained after sintering process is shown as:

The ceramic material having composition 40CaO40SiO2-TiO2, was successfully prepared by sintering process. The final product was fine and hard in the form of circular pellets after testing this material by different techniques which may be used as the bone and teeth substitute for replacing the damage and broken part of natural bone.