Destructive Examination &

Testing
Destructive Examination
Destructive Examination renders the weld
or material unIit Ior Iurther service.
ommon methods used in
Destructive Examination
Bend testing
Tensile testing
Impact testing
Hardness testing
Chemical analysis
Hydrostatic testing to destruction
Peel testing
Spark testing
end Testing
Bend test samples are reIerred to as
'Test oupons
The most common bend tests are
Guided Iace and root bend testing
Guided side bend testing
Longitudinal root and side bend testing
Fillet weld bend testing
Unguided bend testing
end Testing Sample Removal
end Testing Sample
Preparation
ace end Testing
Root end Testing
Side end Testing
ongitudinal ace end Testing
ongitudinal Root end Testing
illet end Testing
Pipe illet end Testing
Tensile Strength Testing
'Tensile is a test in which a prepared
sample is pulled until the sample breaks.
Test Measurements are recorded in PSI
(Pounds per Square Inch) E7018 70,000 PSI Tensile
Test samples called 'Tensile Bolts can
reveal a welds Tensile strength, Elastic
limit, Yield point, and Ductility.
Tensile Strength Testing
The Elastic imit oI metal is the stress
(load) it can withstand and still return to the
original length aIter the load is released.
Yield Strength occurs when the test sample
stretches however will not return to its
original length.
Ductility is the ability oI a metal to stretch
or elongate beIore it breaks.
Tensile Testing Strength
Graph
mpact Testing
An Impact tester uses a heavy pendulum
that is able to measure the amount oI Iorce
required to shear or Iracture a test sample
taken Irom welds 'Heat AIIected Zone
(HAZ)
Impact testing may be perIormed using
either the od or harpy method. (Both
methods are similar)
mpact Testing
A Charpy or Izod test measures the welds
ability to withstand an mpact Iorce.
Low Charpy test readings indicate brittle
weld metal
Higher Charpy readings indicate the
samples toughness.
ardness testing
Hardness may be deIined as the
resistance to permanent indentation.
Three common hardness measuring
tests are
Rockwell test
Scleroscope test
Brinell
Microhardness test
ardness testing
The Rockwell testing machine operates
somewhat like a press, using a indenter to
penetrate the surIace oI the test sample.
The depth oI the indentation determines the
materials hardness on a scale oI 0-100
ardness testing
The Sceleroscpoe testing machine measures
the amount 'bounce that a diamond tip
hammer rebounds oII the test sample aIter
being dropped.
The rinell method presses the 'indenter
into a sample Ior a given period oI time.
The ability Ior the sample to resist
indentation determines hardness.
ardness testing
Microhardness testers allow you to measure
a materials hardness while leaving the least
amount oI damage possible on the metals
surIace.
AIter the indenter is used a powerIul
microscope is used to determine the the
amount oI indentation into the components
surIace.
hemical Analysis
Chemical analysis is used in metallurgical
laboratories to determine the metals grain
and crystalline structures.
Samples are then place under a high power
microscope to view the results.
This is reIerred to as 'Metalography
ydrostatic Testing to Destruction
Pressure testing or leak testing can be
perIormed with either gasses or liquids.
When this pressure exceeds the limitations
oI the structures design it will rupture under
Iorce.
This rupture will allow engineers to
understand the welds weakest areas.
Peel testing
Lap joints may be tested to destruction
using a Peel test.
Peel testing is most commonly used to
check the strength oI resistance spot welds
or stud weld
Spot weld peel tests are considered
successIul when the spot weld nugget is
torn out oI the test sample pieces in tact.
Spark Testing
The shape and
characteristic oI sparks
created when metal is
ground will help
determine its
properties.
IE: carbon steel , mild
steel.
"ui time
Which oI the Iollowing is a destructive
test ?
A: magnet particle
B: tensile testing
C: die penetrate testing
D: ultrasonic testing
"ui time
The type hardness test leaves the least
amount oI damage on the metals surIace.
A: Rockwell
B: Brinell
C: Scleroscope
D: Microhardness
"ui time
When a metal stretches, but dose not break under a
certain load, this point is called the
Point.
A: yield
B: tensile
C: stretch
D: ultimate strength
"ui time
Ductility is the ability oI a metal to
beIore it breaks.
A: Bend
B: Stretch or elongate
C: Be Iorged
D: Be indented
"ui time
A Charpy test measures a welds ability to
withstand Iorce.
A: Impact
B: Bending
C: Penetrating
D: Stretching
"ui time
Hardness may be deIined as the resistance to
?
Indentation
Modern Welding
York ounty School of Technology