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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : G.ANILA KUMARI.


Designation : Lecturer.
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : Smt.B.SeethaPolytechnic.
Year / Sem : 1st year.
Subject : Electronic components and Devices.
Subject Code : EC-105.
Topic : Microphones and Loudspeakers.
Duration : 50 min.
Sub Topic : working of crystal microphone
Teaching aids : Diagrams, photographs and animations.

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OBJECTIVES

After completion of this period,you would be able to


understand:

• Principle of crystal microphone.

• Construction of crystal microphone.

• Working of crystal microphone.

• Applications of crystal microphone.

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PRINCIPLE OF CRYSTAL MICROPHONE

• It works on the principle of piezo- electric effect.

• Piezo-electric materials are Rochelle salt, lithium sulphate

barium titanate.

• These materials gets polarized by forming opposite

charges on their surfaces, when they are subjected to

mechanical stress.

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Piezo electric effect

Fig .1

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF CRYSTAL MICROPHONE:

Fig .2

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CONSTRUCTION

• A light, thin and stiff diaphragm made of duralumin is


connected to the crystal structure in such a way that it
exerts pressure on crystals.
• Two crystals of opposite polarity are used.
• when diaphragm exerts pressure ,one of the crystal will be
in tension and other will be in compression.
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WORKING

• When sound waves strikes the diaphragm, it exerts

pressure on the crystals.

• Two crystals have tension and compression respectively.

• Hence opposite charge carriers are formed on the outer

surfaces of both crystals.

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• This developed potential difference is proportional to

sound pressure variations.

• If more number of crystal are connected, the developed

potential difference is high. Hence high output is

obtained.

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CHARACTERISTICS

• Sensitivity : 50mV

• Signal to noise ratio : High, 40 dB

• Frequency response : 100 Hz to 8 KHz

• Directivity : Omni- direction

• Output impedance : about 1M ohm

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ADVANTAGES

• It has very low distortion.

• It is small and inexpensive.

• No external bias supply is required.

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DISADVANTAGES

• It is affected by temperature and moisture.

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APPLICATIONS

• Widely used in public address systems.

• Used in sound level meters.

• Used for home recording.

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Different types of crystal microphones

Visual-1

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SUMMARY

• It works on the principle of piezo electric effect .

• These microphones are effected by temperature & moisture.

• These microphones are widely used in PA systems.

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QUIZ
Q) Crystal microphone works on the principle of

a) Electro magnetic induction

d) Piezo electric effect

g) Electro magnetic conduction

j) Electro static induction

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Q) Piezo electric materials are

 Rochelle salt

b) Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

c) Lithium sulphate

d) All the above

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Q) Crystal microphone consists of

a) Diaphragm

c) Crystal

e) a&b

g) None

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Q) More number of crystals are connected to obtain high

 Sensitivity

 Signal to noise ratio

 Output impedance

 All the above

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Frequently asked questions…

Q. 1 ) Explain the working of crystal microphone?

Q . 2) What is meant by piezo electric effect? List out piezo

electric materials?

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