DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : B.Mamatha.
Designation : Lecturer.
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : Smt.B.SeethaPolytechnic.
Year / Sem : 1st year.
Subject : Electronic components and Devices.
Subject Code : EC-105.
Topic : Microphones and Loudspeakers.
Duration : 50 min.
Sub Topic : Definition of loud speaker and
characteristics of loud speaker.
Teaching aids : Diagrams, photographs and animations.
EC 105.88 1
OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this period, you would able to

understand
• Definition of loudspeaker.
• Characteristics of loudspeaker.

EC 105.88 2
LOUD SPEAKER:

•A loud speaker is an acoustic transducer which converts

electrical signal of audio frequency in to an audio signal.

• The function of loud speaker opposite to that of microphone.

•These are used in public address systems, telephony, T.V and

radio receivers, cassette players and computers.

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LOUD SPEAKERS

Visual - 1

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Specifications :

• The performance of loud speaker is

determined by the following characteristics.

1) Efficiency (Sensitivity).
2) Signal to noise ratio.
3) Frequency response.
4) Directivity.
5) Input impedance.
6) Power handling capacity.
7) Distortion.
8) Physical factors.
EC 105.88 5
Sensitivity (or) Efficiency

• It is defined as the ratio of output sound power to the

input electrical power.

(OR)

• It is defined as acoustic power delivered for a given

electrical input, at a distance of about 1 meter from the
loud speaker.

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Signal to noise ratio:

• It is the ratio of signal output to the output of noise in the

absence of signal.

• It is expressed in dBs.

S Signal output
N Output in absence of signal

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Frequency response:

• It is a curve plotted between the output and frequency of

the signal.

• It should be flat( parallel to x-axis) for a good loud

speaker.

Directivity:

• It is the direction in which the maximum sound intensity

can be obtained.
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Input impedance:

• It is the impedance between the two input terminals of the

loud speaker.

• This impedance should be matched to the output impedance

of amplifier connected to it.

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Power handling capacity:

• It is the maximum electrical power that can be applied to

the loud speaker for its smooth performance.

• It is expressed in watts.

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Distortion:

• It is the difference between amplitude, frequency or

phase of output and input of the loud speaker.

Physical factors:

• The diameter of cone, length and weight of loud speaker

are to be considered before selecting a loud speaker.

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• A good loud speaker should have high efficiency, high

signal to noise ratio, wider frequency response, low

distortion, desired directivity, adequate power handling

capacity and correct matching impedance.

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 SUMMARY

• Loud speaker is an acoustic transducer which converts

Electrical signal in to Audio signal.

• Sensitivity or efficiency is the ratio of output sound power to the

electrical input power.

• Frequency response is the curve plotted between output of loud

speaker and frequency of the signal.

• Directivity is the direction in which the maximum sound intensity

can be obtained.
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Quiz :

• Loud speaker is transducer which converts

a) Sound signal to electrical signal.

b) Electrical signal to sound signal.
c) Mechanical to electrical signal.
d) None.

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• A good loud speaker should have

a) High efficiency, Low S/N ratio.

b) High efficiency, High S/N ratio.
c) Low efficiency, High S/N ratio.
d) Low efficiency, Low S/N ratio.

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• Which is not the characteristic of loud speaker

a) Input impedance.
b) Output impedance.
c) Directivity.
d) Diameter.

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• Sensitivity is defined as the ratio of

a) Output sound to the input electrical power.

b) Input sound to the output electrical power.
c) Output voltage to the input voltage.
d) None.

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Frequently asked questions

• Explain the different characteristics of Loud speaker.

EC 105.88 18