DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Names : V. Bangaramma
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : ECE
Institute : Government polytechnic for women, Nellore
Year/Semester : III Sem
Subject : Electronic circuits I
Sub-code : EC-302
Topic : power supplies
Sub-topic : Computing values of half wave rectifier
Duration : 50min
Teaching aids : PPT , diagrams, photos
EC 302.4 1
Recap

• Working of a H W R.

• Input and output waveforms of HWR.

EC 302.4 2
Objectives

Upon the completion of this topic the student will

be able to

• Compute ripple factor,

• Derivation of efficiency .

• Form factor

• Peak factor
EC 302.4 3
INTRODUCTION

• The Half wave rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac

voltage to dc voltage.

EC 302.4 4
The Half-wave Rectifier Circuit (without filter)

Circuit Transformer
switch
breaker 1 2 5
+

RL
110V 12V vo(t)
230v
230vACAc
60Hz
Sine wave
50 Hz

-
vs(t) = 110*1.414sin(2πft) 3 4 6

EC 302.4 5
Transformer secondary voltage

Vin = Vm sin ωt

V out Calculation

 T
 Vm sin ω t for t ≤
2
v (t ) = 
0 T
 for < t < T
2

EC 302.4 6
Compute the average voltage (dc voltage) Vavg or Vdc
for one complete cycle
Vdc = Vavg

T
1
Vdc =
T ∫ v(t )dt
0
π 2π
1
= [ ∫ Vm sin ω t dt + ∫ 0dt ]
2π 0 π

Vm π Vm
= [ − cos ω t ]0 = [ − cos(π ) − ( − cos 0)]
2π 2π
Vm Vm
= [ −( −1) − ( −1)] = = 0.318Vm
2π π
= 0.318( 2 )Vrms = 0.45Vrms
EC 302.4 7
Vrms at the Load Resistance
 T
1
T
V sin ωt for t ≤
∫v
 m
Vrms = 2
( t ) dt v (t ) =
2
T 0
0
 for
T
<t <T
 2
T /2 T
1
=[ ∫V sin ωt d (ωt ) + ∫ ω
2 2 1/ 2
[ 0 d ( t ) ]
2π
m
0 T /2
T /2
Vm2
=[ ∫sin ωt d (ωt )]1 / 2
2

2π 0

1
sin 2 ωt = (1 −cos 2ωt ), ωT = 2π, θ =ωt
2
π
Vm2
Vrms =[
4π 0∫ (1 −cos 2θ)dθ]1 / 2

Vm2 1
=[ (t − sin 2θ) |π
0 ]
1/ 2

4π 2
Vm2 1 1
=[ (π − sin( 2π) −0 + sin 2(0)]1 / 2
4π 2 2
Vm2
=[ (π −0 −0 +0)]1 / 2
4π
V EC 302.4 8
= m
2
Ripple Factor = RMS value of the AC component/DC
value of the component
Vr
Ripple = rms
Vdc
2 2
Vrms − Vdc
=
Vdc
2

Vrms 
= −1
Vdc 
2
 / 2 
π
V
=m −1
Vm /
 

= − 1
π 2

2 
=
1.2114
EC 302.4 9
Efficiency

η = (dc output power/ac input power) x 100%

η= pdc/ pac
2 2
Where pdc = v dc /RL and pac = v rms / RL

(Vm / π )
2 2
Vdc / RL 4
η= = = 2 = 0.406
2
Vrms / RL (Vm / 2) 2
π
or
η = 40.6%
EC 302.4 10
Form Factor

Form Factor = rms value / average value

= (Vm/2)/(Vm/π)= π/2 = 1.11

Peak Factor

Peak factor = Peak value / rms value = Vm/(Vm/2) = 2

EC 302.4 11
Summary

We have discussed about the parameters of HWR

• Efficiency

• Ripple factor

• Form factor

• Peak factor

EC 302.4 12
 Frequently asked question

• Define vdc and derive its value for H W R.

• Define efficiency of H W R.

• Obtain the expression for the efficiency of half wave

rectifier

EC 302.4 13
QUIZ

EC 302.4 14
The average voltage (Vavg) for one complete cycle is

1. Vm


v
2. 2 m

3. 4 vm
4. None of the above

EC 302.4 15
 Efficiency of a half wave rectifier is calculated as

3. (dc output power/ac input power) x 100%

5. (ac input power/dc output power) x 100%

7. (ac input power/dc output power)

9. (dc output power/ac input power)

EC 302.4 16