5

GOOD AFTERNOON!!!

Jupiter

The Largest Planet

ABOUT

TERRESTRIAL PLANETS close to the Sun closely spaced orbits small masses

JOVIAN PLANETS far from the Sun widely spaced orbits large masses

small radii
predominantly rocky solid surface high density slower rotation weak magnetic fields few moons no rings

large radii
predominantly gaseous no solid surface low density faster rotation strong magnetic fields many moons many rings

The fifth planet away from the Sun

The largest planet Fourth brightest object in the sky Has been known since prehistoric times as a bright wandering star Shortest rotational period in all planets

The fifth planet away from the Sun

AFTER

MERCURY

MARS

8.1662 x Aphelion 108 km 7.4052 x Perihelion 108 km

VENUS EARTH

7.7833 x 8 km 10

The largest planet

MASS: 1.9 x 1027 kg. Equatorial diameter: 143,000 km

Volume: 1.43 x 1015 km3

Surface: 6.22 x 1010km2

Fourth brightest object in the sky

AFTER

MOON

SUN

VENUS

Shortest rotational period in all planets

Planet (or Dwarf Planet) Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus

Period of Revolution Around the Sun (1 planetary year)

87.96 Earth days 224.68 Earth days 365.26 days 686.98 Earth days 11.862 Earth years 29.456 Earth years 84.07 Earth years

Period of Rotation (1 planetary day) 58.7 Earth days 243 Earth days 24 hours 24.6 Earth hours or 1.026 Earth days 9.84 Earth hours 10.2 Earth hours 17.9 Earth hours

Neptune Pluto (a dwarf planet)

164.81 Earth years 247.7 Earth years

19.1 Earth hours 6.39 Earth days

(Natural Satellites)

62 MOONS

JUPITER I

io
January 7, 1610

Discovery date:

Diamet ers (km)

Mass (kg)

Density (g/cm)

Semimajor axis (km)

Orbital period (DAY)

Inclinatio n ()

3660.0 3637.4 3630.6

8.93 1022

3.528

421,800

1.769

0.050

EUROPA
JUPITER II Discovery date: January 7, 1610

Diamet ers (km)

Mass (kg)

Density (g/cm)

Semimajor axis (km)

Orbital period (DAY)

Inclinatio n ()

3121.6 4.81022

3.014

671,100

3.551

0.471

GANYMEDE
JUPITER III

Discovery date:

January 11, 1610

Diamet ers (km)

Mass (kg)

SemiDensity major (g/cm) axis (km)

Orbital period (DAY)

Inclinatio n ()

5262.4

1.481023

1.942

1,070, 400

7.155

0.204

CALLISTO
JUPITER IV Discovery date: January 7, 1610

Diamet ers (km)

Mass (kg)

SemiDensity major (g/cm) axis (km)

Orbital period (DAY)

Inclinatio n ()

4820.6

1.081023

1.834

1,882, 700

16.69

0.205

nd 2

GROUP:

INNER SATELLITES

3rd GROUP
A SINGLE MOON GROUP THEMISTO

4th GROUP HIMALIA

LEDA

ELERA

HIMALIA LYSITHEA

ANOTHER SINGLE MOON GROUP

CARPO

th 6

GROUP
A bb N A N K E

MEMBERS of ANANKE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ananke Praxidike Iocaste Harpalyke Thyone Euanthe
1. S/2003 J 3 2. S/2003 J 18
3. Thelxinoe 4. Helike 5. Orthosie

6. S/2003 J 16
7. Hermippe 8. Mneme

9. S/2003 J 15 10.S/2010 J 2

th 7

GROUP

CARME

MEMBERS OF CARME
1. Herse 10. Taygete

2. S/2003 J 10
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Pasithee Chaldene Arche Isonoe Erinome Kale Aitne

11. S/2003 J 9
12. Carme

13. S/2003 J 5 14. S/2003 J 19

15. Kalyke 16. Eukelade 17. Kallichore

8th

Pasipha

MEMBERS OF Pasipha
1. Eurydome

2. S/2003 J 23
3. Hegemone 4. Pasipha 5. Sponde 6. Cyllene 7. Megaclite

9. Callirrhoe 10.Sinope 11.Autonoe 12.Aoede 13.Kore

14.S/2010 J 1 15.S/2003 J 2

8. S/2003 J 4

ORBIT AND ROTATION THE SPEED OF ROTATION OF THE PLANETS CAN AFFECT THE SHAPE OF A PLANET THE FASTER THE PLANET IS, THE MORE ELONGATED IT IS AND THE SLOWER THE PLANET IS, THE MORE IT BECOMES SPHEROID

ROTATIONAL AXIS

RINGS
Name Inner radius (km) Outer radius (km) Width (km)

Halo Ring 100,000 Main Ring 122,800

Gossamer 129,100 Ring

122,800 129,100

22,800 6,300

250,000+ 121,000+

CHEMICAL COMPOSITINON OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF JUPITER

INTERIOR COMPOSITION
Mantle: Pressurized hydrogen in the mantle may generate electric currents which generate Jupiter's powerful magnetic field. The outer mantle is liquid hydrogen; the inner mantle is liquid metallic hydrogen. The layers of extraordinarily-compressed hydrogen are in a state so extreme that it has never been produced on Earth.

INTERIOR COMPOSITION
The pressure is so great that the hydrogen molecules inside Jupiter conduct heat and electricity very well, in a metallike fashion (they do not do this under Earth-like condition). Inside Jupiter, electrons from hydrogen molecules move freely from molecule to molecule (like the electrons of a metal); this is what allows the electrical and heat conductivity.

INTERIOR COMPOSITION
Core: At the center of the planet is a molten rock core which is many times bigger and more massive than the entire Earth. It is 20,000 C, about three times hotter than the Earth's core. Internal Heat: Jupiter is a heat source; it radiates 1.6 times a much energy as it receives from the Sun.

INTERIOR COMPOSITION
This energy is produced by Jupiter's shrinking due to gravity, and this produces heat. Also, it is still cooling down, losing its initial energy (the energy it received as the Solar System formed). Does Jupiter produce energy by nuclear fusion?

INTERIOR COMPOSITION
-- NO. Jupiter, the biggest of the gas giants, is too small to produce a core temperature that is hot enough to undergo fusion (you need about 3 million degrees to start the fusion of hydrogen). You'd need a body that was many times the mass of Jupiter to get nuclear fusion (the theoretical limit is about 8 percent of the mass of the Sun).

INTERIOR COMPOSITION Magnetic Field: Jupiter has a very strong magnetic field. The magnetic field is probably generated as the planet spins its deep metallic-hydrogen layer with electrical currents.

FEATURES
ATMOSPHERIC GREAT RED SPOT CYCLONES

ATMOSPHERIC FEATURE

GREAT RED SPOT

Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a huge, longlasting storm in the atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere of Jupiter. It is an anti-cyclonic (high pressure) storm, much like a gargantuan hurricane. Its color is actually pink to orange.

GREAT RED SPOT

This whirlwind varies in size and color from year to year. It is about 17,000 miles (28,000 km) long and 9,000 miles (14,000 km) wide; it is the biggest storm in this solar system. It is so big that the three Earths would fit in it with room to spare.

GREAT RED SPOT

Jupiter's Great Red Spot was discovered in 1664 by Robert Hooke. Part of the reason it lasts so long in comparison with Earth storms (other than the huge difference in scale and the existence of an internal heat source on Jupiter) is that this storm never goes over land; on Earth, hurricanes loses most of their energy and die when they stray over land.

Thank You!!!

REFERENCES
http://nineplanets.org/jupiter.html http://library.thinkquest.org/C006574/jupiter.ht ml http://www.wordsources.info/jupiter.html http://www.astronomytoday.com/astronomy/ju piter.html http://www.solarviews.com/eng/jupiter.htm http://pds-rings.seti.org/jupiter/ http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/J/Ju piter_rings.html http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/l ec19.html

REFERENCES
http://www.windows2universe.org/jupiter/rings .html http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm ?Object=Jupiter&Display=Facts http://nineplanets.org/io.html http://nineplanets.org/europa.html http://nineplanets.org/ganymede.html http://nineplanets.org/callisto.html http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm ?Object=Jupiter&Display=OverviewLong