RUBA FARSHA
It
Its
Pathogenesis
Inadequate
O2 delivery to tissues
cyanosis
Mechanisms
Hypoventilation Ventilation Diffusion
perfusion unevenness
impairment
Right
to left shunts
transport of O2 by Hb
Inadequate
Types of cyanosis
CENTRAL PERIPHERAL
Hypoxic hypoxia
Stagnant hypoxia
Central cyanosis
Causes
Cardiac
Respiratory
Neurological
Misc
Cardiac causes
Cyanotic heart disease Others
PBF (TGA)
PBF (TOF)
vessels)
3 4 5
Tricuspid atresia (tri=3) Tetralogy of fallot (tetra = 4) Total anomalous pulm venous
circulation (5 words)
Respiratory causes
Airway obstr
Parenchymal dis
RDS/MAS
Ext compresn
Pneumothorax
Choanal atresia
A/c epiglottitis
Lary edema
Pneumonia
Asp pnemonitis
CDH
LNE
Neurological causes
CNS
edema, infections
Paralysis
Vocal
cord paralysis
Sedation
RESPIRATORY CAUSE
CARDIAC CAUSE
NEUROLOGICAL CAUSE
Marked dyspnoea
Mild/ no dyspnoea
Slow respiration
Improves with O2
No improvement with O2
Resp signs
Cardiac signs
Neurological signs
Miscellaneous
High altitude
Medications amiodarone Hypoglycemia
Sites examined
Tongue Inner
Mucus
Tip
Tip
Peripheral cyanosis
Causes
Low CO
Shock LVF
Stagnation of bld
Polycythemia
Others
Cold exposure
Arterial/venous obst
Sites examined
Tip Ear Tip
CENTRAL
PERIPHERAL
Dyspnoea
Present
Absent
Differential cyanosis
Hands PDA
HTN
Coarctation
Local cyanosis
Acrocyanosis
Can
Enterogenous cyanosis
Also
When
of
Cyanotic spells
Also
spell
Sudden
8 steps of treatment
Knee
Humidified Morphine
Propranolol
If
ml/kg IV
Vasopressors:
methoxamine IM/IV
Correct
anemia
surgery
Consider