Conjunctions

Ms. Sidra Zafar

Conjunctions
A Conjunction is a word which merely joins together words, clauses or sentences.
And adds things together in the sentence
I like baseball and soccer.

Or also joins, but makes an option

What do you like best, dogs or cats?

Coordinating Conjunctions
They are the conjunctions which connect two equal parts or two statements of equal ranks. Most common are and, but, or, nor, eitheror, neithernor And is used to add or join words together in the sentence
They ate and drank.

Or is used show choice or possibilities as in the sentence

He will be here on Monday or Tuesday.

But is used to show opposite ideas as in

She is small but strong

Continued
Conjunctions used in pairs are called Correlative Conjunctions.
Either-or Neither-nor Both-and Whether-or Not only-but also Either take it or leave it It is neither useful nor beautiful. We both love and honour him. I do not care whether you go or stay Not only He is not only foolish, but also obstinate.

When Conjunctions are used as Correlatives, each of the correlated words should be placed immediately before the words to be connected.
He visited not only Agra but also Delhi. He not only visited Agra but also Delhi.

Subordinating Conjunction
After the shower was over, the sun shone out brightly. The sentence contains two statements or clauses one of which After the shower was over is dependent on the other. The Conjunction introducing the dependent or subordinate clause is called a Subordinating Conjunction. After, Because, If, That, Although, Though, Till, Before, Unless, As, When, Where, While.

Interjections
The word used to show some sudden feeling or emotion are called interjection. They are not grammatically related to other words in a sentence. Joy: Hurrah! We have won the match. Grief: Alas! He is dead. Surprise: Ha! I cant believe it. Approval: Bravo! You have done it.

Prepositions
A preposition is a part of speech that shows a relationship between two things. Location (on, under, in) Timing (before, after, during) Direction (from, toward, to)

Prepositions (cont.)
The mouse is on the table.

Two things: mouse + table Relationship: one is on the other

On is a preposition!

Prepositions (cont.)
The mouse is under the table.

Two things: mouse + table Relationship: one is under the other

Under is a preposition!

Lesson One: Prepositions (cont.)

Here is a list of the most common prepositions:
aboard along behind but (except) by down during from off past until

about above across

amid among around

below beneath beside

in inside into

on onto out

since through to

up upon with

after

at

between

except

near

outside

toward

within

against

before

beyond

for

of

over

under

without

Test Your Knowledge 1

Which word is a preposition? The pizza in the oven is mine.

pizza

in

oven

mine

Check the list of prepositions.

Test Your Knowledge 2

Which word is a preposition? The girl by the door is my sister.

girl

by

door

my

Check the list of prepositions.