Module 12

Troubleshooting, Management, Monitoring, and Diagnostics

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General Approach to Troubleshooting

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Problem Solving Model

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Troubleshooting Methodologies

REACT :
- Research - Engage - Adjust - Configure - Take Note

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OSI Troubleshooting

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TCP/IP and OSI Comparison

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Troubleshooting Layers

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TCP/IP Diagnostic Tools

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Diagnostic Tools

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Multimeter

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Cable Meter

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Hardware Sniffers
Fluke Networks Protocol analyser Berkeley Varitronics Systems Spectrum analyser

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Spectrum Analyzer
Anritsu Tektronix

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Gauss Meter

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Cable and Antenna Analyzer

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Software Sniffers

http://www.personaltelco.net/index.cgi/WirelessSniffer?action=show&redirect=WirelessSniffers
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WLAN Troubleshooting

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Layer 2 retransmissions

- Narrowband and Wideband RF interference - Multipath

- Adjacent Cell Interference

- Low SNR (RF noise and noise floor) - Mismatched power settings

- Hidden nodes
- Near-Far problem

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Multipath

- Multipath can cause inter-symbol interference (ISI), which causes data corruption.
- The delay spread is the difference in time between the primary signal and the reflected signals. - The delay spread time differential results in corrupted data.

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Adjacent cell interference

The 802.11b and 802.11g amendments require 25 MHz of separation between the center frequencies of HR-DSSS channels to be considered non-overlapping.

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Adjacent cell interference

As defined by the IEEE, there are currently 12 channels available in the 5 GHz UNII bands. These 12 channels are technically considered non-overlapping channels because there is 20 MHz of separation between the center frequencies

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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SNR signal to noise ratio

- The SNR is the difference in decibels between the received signal and the background noise - An SNR of 25 dB or greater is considered good signal quality; SNR de 10 or lower is considered a poor signal quality

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Hidden node problem

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Near/Far problem

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802.11 Coverage Considerations

Dynamic Rate switching (shifting)

Roaming Layer 3 Roaming

Co-channel Interference
Channel reuse/Multiple Channel Architecture Single Channel Architecture

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Dynamic Rate shifting (switching)

- The algorithms used for dynamic rate switching are proprietary and are defined by radio card manufacturers. Most vendors base DRS on receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) thresholds, packet error rate, and retransmissions. RSSI metrics are usually based on signal strength and signal quality.

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Roaming
When designing an 802.11 WLAN, most vendors recommend 15 to 20 percent overlap in coverage cells at the lowest desired signal level

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Roaming
When designing an 802.11 WLAN, most vendors recommend 15 to 20 percent overlap in coverage cells at the lowest desired signal level

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Performance (coverage range)

-Transmission power rates

-Antenna gain
-Antenna type -Wavelength -Free space path loss -Physical environment

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Performance (Throughput)

-Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) -Encryption -Application use -Number of clients

-Interference
-Layer 2 retransmissions

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Weather
Lightning: Direct and indirect strikes can damage WLAN
equipement.

Wind: Highly directional antennas are susceptible to

movement or shifting caused by th wind.

Water: Conditions such rain, snow and fog Air stratification: a change in air temprutature at high
altitudes which cause refraction or bending of RF signal

UV/sun: sun can damage cables

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System Message Logging

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Event Log Page

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Event Log Configuration Option Page

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Enable and Define a Syslog Server

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Configure Logging via IOS CLI

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SNMP Architecture

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Configure SNMP via GUI

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Configure SNMP via CLI

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Syslog and SNMP Applications

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