JSP

Java Server Pages (JSP)
Java Server Pages (JSP) Agenda
Servlets & JSPs
Introduction JSP Elements Implicit Objects Tag Libraries JSP Actions Error Handling
Introduction What is JSP
JSP Stands for Java Server Pages Presents dynamic content to users Handles the presentation logic in an MVC architecture
(business logic)
request Container
servlet
Helper Objects
Business Tier
JSP
(presentation logic)
response
Introduction JSP v/s Servlet
How is JSP different / similar to Servlet?
Servlets
Handles dynamic data Handles business logic
Lifecylce methods init() : can be overridden service() : can be overridden destroy() : can be overridden
JSP
Handles presentation logic

Lifecylce methods jspInit() : can be overridden _jspService() : cannot be overridden jspDestroy() : can be overridden
Html within java

out.println(<htrml><body>); out.println(Time is + new Date()); out.println(</body></html>);
Java within html

<html><body> Time is <%=new Date()%> </body></html>
Runs within a Web Container

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Introduction JSP is a Servlet
In the end, a JSP is just a Servlet
Is translated to writes JSP MyJsp.jsp

Import javax. servlet. HttpServlet.*
Compiles to
0010 0001 1100 1001 0001 0011
Is loaded and Initialized as Servlet MyJsp_jsp Servlet
MyJsp_jsp.java MyJsp_jsp.class
Introduction Comments
JSP Comments
<%-- {CODE HERE} --%> Does not show the comments on the page Does not show the comments in page source Can only be used outside JSP Elements
HTML Comments
<! {CODE HERE} --> Does not show the comments on the page Shows the comments in page source Can only be used outside JSP Elements
Single line Comments
// {CODE HERE} When put outside JSP Elements, shows comments on the page & source When put inside Scriptlets/Declarations, does not show on page & source Can be used inside scriptlets/declarations and outside JSP Elements
JSP Elements Intro
Need to write some Java in your HTML?
Want to make your HTML more dynamic? JSP Declarations JSP Scriptlets JSP Expressions
:: Code that goes outside the service method :: Code that goes within the service method :: Code inside expressions is evaluated
JSP Directives
:: Commands given to the JSP engine
JSP Elements - Declarations
What are declarations?

Whatever goes inside the <%!{JAVA_HERE}%> tags is called a declaration Everything you write in a declarations goes outside the service method Treat them as instance methods and instance variables
What do you declare in declarations?

You can declare methods and variables in declarations
Why do you need declarations?

You have any variable that needs to be shared across different requests. You have repeated common code in you jsp, declare it in a method.
Example <%! int instanceVar = 10; %>
JSP Elements - Declarations
Request 1
Service1 Service2 Service3
Request 2 Declarations Request 3
JSP Elements - Scriptlets
What are scriplets?

Whatever goes inside the <%{JAVA_HERE}%> tags is called a scriptlet Everything you write in a scriptlets goes in the service method Treat variables in scriptlets as method/local variables
What do you put in scriptlets?

Business logic in JSPs are put in scriptlets. Set of java statements
Why do you need scriptlets?

Need to perform some small business logic (if logic is complex, do in java) Need to perform some basic validations
Example <% int localVar = 10; %>
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JSP Elements - Expressions
What are expressions?

Whatever goes inside the <%={JAVA_HERE}%> tags is called an expression Code inside expressions is evaluated, and output is displayed Whatever is put inside expressions should evaluate to a value
What do you put in expressions?

Variables or methods that return some values
Why do you need expressions?

Need to print some text onto the page
Example <%= localVar %>
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JSP Elements - Example
<html><head><title>JSP Elements Example</title> </head> <body> <%! int userCnt = 0; %> <% String name = "Sharad"; userCnt++; %> <table> <tr><td> Welcome <%=name%>. You are user number <%=userCnt%> </td></tr> </table> </body> </html>
Declarations Scriptlets
Expressions
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JSP Elements - Directives
What are directives?

Whatever goes inside the <%@{DIRECTIVES}%> tags is called a directive Directives gives pre-processing commands to the JSP Engine. Everything in directives are processed before JSP is translated to Servlet
What do you put in directives?

Processing commands to the JSP Engine.
Why do you need directives?

To incorporate certain additional features into the JSP Modifying the Servlet behaviour generated from the JSP Include other html/jsp files in the JSP. Provide tag libraries
Example <%@ page import=java.util.ArrayList %>

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Directives page directive
Any number of the pre-defined attributes can be added to the page directive
<%@ page import = {IMPORTED_CLASSES} contentType = {CONTENT_TYPE} isThreadSafe = {true/false} session = {true/false} buffer = {BUFFER_SIZE} autoflush = {true/false} extends = {EXTENDS_FROM_PAGE} info = {PAGE_INFO} errorPage = {ERROR_PAGE_NAME} isErrorPage = {true/false} language = {LANGUAGE}
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Directives include directive
Including other page content into your JSP <%@ include file = {PAGE_URL_TO_INCLUDE} %> Includes files at translation time If included file is modified, the main jsp needs to be recompiled
<%@ include file =header.jsp"/>
Hello <%=userName%>
header.jsp
Main page
<%@ include file =footer.jsp"/>
<table><tr> <td>Contact Details</td> <tr></table>
main.jsp
footer.jsp
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Directives taglib directive
Providing output based on common custom logic <%@ taglib uri={TLD_FILE}" prefix={PREFIX}" %>
Components involved in tag libraries Tag handler class Common custom logic and HTML generation Descriptor configuration file Directives properties mapping information taglib directive Used in JSPs to use the tag handler functionality
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taglib directive high-level overview
<%@ taglib uri=sharmanjTags prefix=sharmanj %> .. < sharmanj:txtBox length=10 name=userName/> ..
test.jsp
<tag> <name>txtBox</name> <tagclass>TxtBoxTag</tagclass> <bodycontent>EMPTY</bodycontent> <attribute> <name>name</name> <required>true</required> . </attribute> </tag>
sharmanj-taglib.tld
<web-app> <taglib> <taglib-uri>sharmanjTags</taglib-uri> <taglib-location> sharmanj-taglib.tld </taglib-location> </taglib> </web-app>
public class TxtBoxTag extends TagSupport { public int doStartTag() { . } }
web.xml
TxtBoxTag.java
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Implicit Objects - Introduction
Set of predefined objects readily available for use.

out: JspWriter request: HttpRequest response: HttpResponse session: HttpSession config: ServletConfig application: ServletContex page: JSP page pageContext: Special object
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Implicit Objects - Example
<html> <head> <title>JSP Implicit objects Example</title> </head> <body> <% if (YES.equals(request.getAttribute(SCOPE))) { out.println(REQUEST); } else { if (YES.equals(session.getAttribute(SCOPE))) { out.println(SESSION); } else { out.println(NONE); } } %> </body> </html>
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Implicit Objects out
An instance of JspWriter
Writes statements to the page
The java way to display text on the webpage

Displaying dynamic data
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Implicit Objects request
Instance of HttpServletRequest Use the attributes stored in request object for display /basic
validations in JSP
Forwards request to JSP
Servlet
request.setAttribute(a, 10)
JSP
a = 10
Uses helper object
Helper Object (a = 10)

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Implicit Objects response
Instance of HttpServletResponse Send the response back to the client (HTML in most of the
cases)
Send response to client
JSP1
response.sendRedirect(url); Redirect to JSP2 Send response to client
JSP1
JSP2
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Implicit Objects session
Instance of HttpSession Retrieve and set the session attributes in JSP Remember the client across multiple requests
Request 1 Response1 Web App CLIENT Request 1 Response2
SESSION
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Implicit Objects config and application
config - Instance of ServletConfig Application instance of ServletContext

Servlet Context
JSP 1
JSP 1
JSP 1
JSP 1
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Servlet Config
Servlet Config
Servlet Config
Servlet Config
Implicit Objects page
<jsp:include page=/header.jsp"/>
Hello <%=userName%>
header.jsp
Main page
<jsp:include page=/footer.jsp"/> <table><tr> <td>Contact Details</td> <tr></table>
footer.jsp main.jsp
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Implicit Objects pageContext
Least visible to most visible
application
session pageContext request
page
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JSP Actions
Special tags which provides special features The container handles these tags in a special way Addresses certain common functionalities Achieve functionality with less code, and more standard way
<jsp:include> <jsp:forward> <jsp:param>
<jsp:useBean>
<jsp:getProperty> <jsp:setProperty>
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JSP Actions - <jsp:include>
Definition: Includes a page at the given location in the main page
Syntax: <jsp:include page="{PAGE_TO_INCLUDE}" flush="true" />
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JSP Actions Include Action v/s Include Directive
Include Directive
Include Action
Translation time
Run time
Copies the included file
References to the included file
For static content
For dynamic content
Cannot pass parameters
Can pass parameters

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JSP Actions - <jsp:forward>
Definition: Forwards the request to the given page
Syntax: <jsp:forward page={PAGE_TO_FORWARD}" />
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JSP Actions - <jsp:param>
Definition: Pass parameters to the included/forwarded page
Syntax: <jsp:include page="{PAGE_TO_INCLUDE}" flush="true" > <jsp:param name={parameterName} value="{paramValue}" /> </jsp:include> <jsp:forward page="{PAGE_TO_FORWARD}" flush="true" > <jsp:param name={parameterName} value="{paramValue}" /> </jsp:forward>
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JSP Actions - <jsp:useBean>
getId(); setId(..) getName() setName()
How can I use that bean?
bean
Servlet
JSP
<jsp:useBean ./>
request.setAttribute(userBean, userBean)
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JSP Actions - <jsp:useBean>
Definition: Instantiate a bean class, use bean properties, and set property values
Syntax: <jsp:useBean id={beanInstanceName}" scope="page|request|session|application" class={package.class}" type={package.class}" beanName=" {package.beanName}> </ jsp:useBean>
UserBean ub = new UserBean();

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JSP Actions - <jsp:getProperty>
Definition: Gets property values of a Bean
Syntax:
<jsp:getProperty name={beanInstanceName}" property= {propertyName}">
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JSP Actions - <jsp:setProperty>
Definition: Sets property values in a Bean
Syntax: <jsp:setProperty name={beanInstanceName}" property= "*" | property="propertyName" param={parameterName}" value="{paramValue}" } />
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JSP Actions useBean
<jsp:useBean id=userBean" scope="session class=com.sharmanj.UserBean" > <jsp:setProperty name=userBean property=userName value=Sharad/> </ jsp:useBean>
<jsp:getProperty name=userBean" property=userName" />
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Error Handling Types of errors
Errors in java code in scriptlets
handle errors in try/catch block may occur at runtime
Errors in HTML
adhere to the HTML rules can be caught during testing

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Error Handling
Why is error handling important in JSPs?
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Error Handling Error page
Error pages come to the rescue

<%@page isErrorPage="true" %> <html> <head> <title>My Error Page</title> </head> <body> We are sorry, the page you are trying to access is currently not available. Please try after some time </body> </html>
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Error Handling
Specify error page in your main page

<%@page errorPage=errPage.jsp" %> <html> <head> <title>This is the main page</title> </head> <body> .. ..
// ERROR CODE GOES HERE . . </body> </html>
Specify error page in web.xml

<web-app> .
<error-page> <exception-type>com.a.myExp</exception-type> <location>/error.jsp</location> </error-page>
<error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/errorServlet</location> </error-page>
.. . </web-app>
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Thanks
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Java Server Pages (JSP)

Java Server Pages (JSP) Agenda

Servlets & JSPs

Introduction What is JSP

Introduction JSP v/s Servlet

How is JSP different / similar to Servlet?

Handles presentation logic

Html within java

Java within html

Runs within a Web Container

Introduction JSP is a Servlet

In the end, a JSP is just a Servlet

Is translated to writes JSP MyJsp.jsp

Is loaded and Initialized as Servlet MyJsp_jsp Servlet

Single line Comments

JSP Elements Intro

Need to write some Java in your HTML?

:: Commands given to the JSP engine

JSP Elements - Declarations

What are declarations?

What do you declare in declarations?

Why do you need declarations?

Example <%! int instanceVar = 10; %>

JSP Elements - Declarations

Request 2 Declarations Request 3

JSP Elements - Scriptlets

What are scriplets?

What do you put in scriptlets?

Why do you need scriptlets?

Example <% int localVar = 10; %>

JSP Elements - Expressions

What are expressions?

What do you put in expressions?

Why do you need expressions?

Example <%= localVar %>

JSP Elements - Example

JSP Elements - Directives

What are directives?

What do you put in directives?

Why do you need directives?

Example <%@ page import=java.util.ArrayList %>

Directives page directive

Directives include directive

<%@ include file =header.jsp"/>

<table><tr> <td>Contact Details</td> <tr></table>

Directives taglib directive

taglib directive high-level overview

<%@ taglib uri=sharmanjTags prefix=sharmanj %> .. < sharmanj:txtBox length=10 name=userName/> ..

<tag> <name>txtBox</name> <tagclass>TxtBoxTag</tagclass> <bodycontent>EMPTY</bodycontent> <attribute> <name>name</name> <required>true</required> . </attribute> </tag>

public class TxtBoxTag extends TagSupport { public int doStartTag() { . } }

Implicit Objects - Introduction

Set of predefined objects readily available for use.

Implicit Objects - Example

Implicit Objects out

The java way to display text on the webpage

Implicit Objects request

Forwards request to JSP

Helper Object (a = 10)

Implicit Objects response

Send response to client

response.sendRedirect(url); Redirect to JSP2 Send response to client

Implicit Objects session