and Function
Combustion chamber
Contains:
Crankshaft
Bearings Timing gears Oil pan and filter Camshaft and lifters (pushrod engines) Flywheel or flexplate
Cylinder
bores:
Round hole cast in block Bored to a precise diameter Honed to smooth finish Guide for piston Contains forces generated during 4-stroke cycle Some engines use steel sleeves
Pistons:
Moves up and down in cylinders Creates low pressure to draw in mixture Compresses mixture for ignition Transmits forces of combustion to rotate crankshaft Pushes exhaust gases out of cylinder
Rings
expansion
Compression
2 top rings Seal combustion chamber
Oil control
Bottom ring on piston Consists of 3 parts: 2 rails and expander Scrapes oil from cylinder as piston moves down on power stroke
Connecting rods: Connect pistons and crankshaft Upper end is connected to piston pin Uses bushing to allow movement on pin Lower end is split to allow installation on
crankshaft journal
Uses precision insert (bearing) to allow rotation on crankshaft journal Bearing requires oil film at all times to prevent metal to metal contact with journal
Crankshaft:
Changes reciprocating motion to rotary motion Provides turning force to wheels Crankshaft throws connect to rods
transfers power to transmission Pulleys mounted on front of crank drive accessories such as alternator or A/C compressor
Bearings:
Rod and main bearings Bearing inserts are held in place with locking tab Must have small hole for oil lubrication Pressurized oil keeps bearing from contacting journal
Timing
gears:
Allows crankshaft to turn camshaft Can be chain or belt Timing belts normally use plastic covers Pushrod engines normally use chains Usually found on the front of the engine
10
Oil
Pan serves as reservoir for oil Covers bottom of crankcase Made from: Stamped steel Aluminum Plastic Contains pickup assembly for oil pump Oil filter is usually mounted on engine block
11
Camshaft
Camshaft lobes open valves Lifters sit on top of lobes and transmit motion to
pushrods Pushrods transmit motion to cylinder head rocker arms to open valves Contains distributor drive gear if equipped Camshaft must be timed to crankshaft
12
Flywheel
or flexplate:
converter for automatic transmission Both have external ring gear for starter operation
13
Covers cylinders Forms top of combustion chamber Contains intake and exhaust valves and springs Contains spark plugs Bolted to engine block with head bolts Head gasket is placed between block and cylinder head Overhead cam engines contain camshafts
14
Area formed by bottom of cylinder head and top of piston Air and fuel mixture is compressed and ignited in chamber and applies force from combustion to piston Spark plug protrudes into chamber Chamber is sealed by:
Valves Piston rings Head gasket
15