Period from 80s to 90s

BERLIN WALL

By: Annabella Lapizar, RN

Short history in the 80s

Linda Richards is the first graduate nurse in the U.S. completed her training at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, patterned after the Deaconess School of Kaisserswerth. 3 schools of nursing opened, patterned after the Nightingale plan the Bellevue Training School for Nurse in the New York City, the Connecticut training. School in New Haven and the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Founding of American Red Cross by Clara Barton 2 New nursing organization - American Nurses Association - National League for Nursing Education

ERA OF CARE FRAGMENTATION (80s 90s)

The Hospital
1. For the sick and well many people come to the hospital for executive check up. There is awareness of the public for health maintenance and promotion. 2. Decentralization. 3. Facilities. 4. Highly specialized came into reality. services

Nursing Service

 Exodus increased as USA, Canada, Australia, Middle East are all open. Understaffing was felt and became a big headache for Nursing Administration. Public demand for quality care both in government and private hospitals are echoed. Proliferation of health care workers/providers.

 Nursing care activities delegated to non-nursing personnel due to understaffing thus contributing to poor quality of care rendered.

Birth of "manager" title with unclear job description is a fashion. Almost all hospitals changed the title of supervisor/head nurse to manager. Nevertheless, there was no corresponding change in the content of their job description.

 Reduction in training places. There were indications and prediction made on shortage of nursing staff. There was little effort made in increasing training centers for nurses.

 Nursing service became complicated to manage, thus there was a demand for better management in nursing service.

Environmental factors
Socio-economic condition Poor health condition in the midst of rising health care cost . Many hospitals are now run by corporations thus the profit orientation. Home Care (USA) due to high cost of hospitalization. Philippine setting the hospital will remain as the biggest employer of nurses.

 High cost of health facilities, thus the expectation for high quality service from all health care providers.

Trends and Technology

From the so called fever proof uniform to the 80s of using disposable aprons to a simple white tunic decorated with epaulettes which distinguished them as nurses.

 Work simplification, but weak clinical practice because every data needed is available in the computer. Fast communication system, thus easy access to developments in nursing in other countries.

Thank you!