Prof. Zafrullah
Mathematical models in decision making Project planning and control Leadership and Motivation Team building Effective communication Time management
Prof. Zafrullah
Final Exam
Objective Subjective Approx. 40 % Approx. 60 %
Multiple sections in each Question, All Questions necessary, with choice from the sections within the same Question. Each section within the same Question, will be a short question, (where you have to be brief and to the point)
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1 - What is management?
To young engineers
management may be something they do, a world full of time wasting effort spent mainly on covering up ones mistakes and stabbing peers in the back, thus attempting to reach the top of the corporate ladder
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1 - What is management?
Scientific ideas usually come from individuals, but it needs a large multi disciplined team to develop it into a product and to take it to market
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Example
How to play football You cannot learn just reading a book However this is an essential first step: learning the basic principles and rules reality of management does not fully match the text
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Remember
Managers are not the bosses They are simple employees, doing a job for which they have acquired certain skills The engineer who goes into management expecting to be a leader, to issue commands and have subordinates follow without question, will be disappointed
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Show the management behaviour in the form of flow chart, As you sea it
Assignment - 1
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The growth of large corporations in the 1950s, particularly multinationals, provided a boost to the professional management Good working conditions compared with the public sector
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Definition of a Professional is
One having a minimum standard of educational or work achievement, administered by an independent body to which members belong A person with a high degree of knowledge or skill in a particular field
In the UK, the IEE set up a professional group on Engineering Management in 1970, which was almost one hundred years after the IEE itself, was founded
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Management theory was first popularized in the USA and spread slowly to Europe. The first business school was founded at the University of Philadelphia in 1881 and a hundred years later there were over 500 business schools in the USA. How such a growth was in Pakistan? Assignment - 2
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Management techniques have also changed over the years, emphasis on different techniques being largely dictated by the industrial scene at the time. The post war period saw a steady expansion in the developed courtiers, and the emphasis was on corporate planning for growth The oil crisis of 1973 .
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Organization's size
there is debate as to the optimum size for maximum efficiency Figure 2.3 Material considerations favor large sizes People considerations favors much smaller units, critical mass being reached much sooner
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People considerations
In large teams there can be many communication problems and time wasted in ensuring that communication occurs smoothly. Staff working on large projects are less able to see the contribution that their individual efforts makes towards the organizations goals, The larger the team the greater the amount of overheads it needs, such as supervision and coordination. organizations may be structured into divisions or profit centers
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Administrators
Very formal in their approach Looks to company rules and regulations for solving all problems Often limited to one level upwards and downwards They are not good at resolving conflict ? In spite of their rather mechanistic approach they are generally respected by their staff, and by peers, for their organizational loyalty and knowledge
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Time Servers
These are generally older managers who have lost interest in their job and environment They take all necessary actions to avoid stress, and maintain a low profile within the company If motivated, they can become a very valuable asset to the organization. They can build an effective team if they try.
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Climbers
driven by extreme personal ambition and will sacrifice everything, including self and family to get to the top pursue personal advancement by fair means or foul However, they become demodulated if this does not show quick results, and this can eventually lead to stress
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Generals
Generals work extremely hard, driving themselves and those under them Usually a younger person who likes to rule and manipulate power but is achievement oriented Usually they are optimistic about the future, sometimes wrongly
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Supporters
usually experienced managers who are knowledgeable in management techniques and apply them where they can They delegate responsibilities The people working under them are highly motivated They get support from the specialists within their department Supporters tend to be loners and do not mix well with peers ?
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Nice guys
These managers are usually weak- willed and are more interested in being liked, by peers and subordinates, than in achieving targets The productivity of the group is low and conflicts waiting to burst out Ready to yield to pressure from almost any source
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Bosses
These managers are bullies! Using power is like a drug They drive the people under them but not themselves They expect recognition from peers, but often do not get it Extremely inflexible, only strong talkers, and hide behind abusive language They can show result for a short-term only They advance by pointing out the mistakes of others, and not by their own achievements
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A comparison
two main factors when comparing the strengths of the various styles:
People and Tasks
Each style has its strengths and weaknesses and each style has its place in various circumstances Compartmentalization in Fig 2.4 does not give true picture
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The shareholders expect to receive a return for their investments, measured in terms of dividends and growth Reward to employees Customer satisfaction:
External & Internal Customers
Responsibility to the community Competitors Governments acts: Direct and Indirect the natural environment The labour market, especially in case of skilled labour Pressure groups
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Planning Phase
Define goals, objectives and policies Strategic plan:
the line of action, to reach the goals SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis must be related back to the set of goals establishes processes and sets performance standards, which are used later in the measuring phase. includes budgets, covering expenses, capital and human resources. Training plans and costs have to be included These plans also have to be communicated to all involved in the project
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Organizing Phase
splitting of the work into manageable tasks and allocation to groups or individuals ensure that tasks are coordinated and duplication is avoided Jobs and responsibilities need to be clearly defined (may be difficult due to flexible boundaries and overlaps) teams established and team leaders appointed understand the needs of their customers and ensure that these are communicated to all
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Integrating Phase
see the whole picture obtain accurate information on which decision is based Risks must be taken, not avoided (risk management) set the direction, but be flexible enough to change if their decision proves to be wrong, or if circumstances change team members are in communication where their work affects each other eventual goals are kept continually in front of the team and they are motivated to achieve them
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Measuring Phase
taking stock of achievements and putting in corrective actions, including process changes if
necessary
must be taken continually throughout the implementation phase, not only at the end Items that need to be measured and controlled during the project, include:
The costs, which include salaries and expenses The use of skills and specialized equipments Progress on the project, measured on a time-scale The quality of the product
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Assignments Chp2
1. Show the management behaviour in the form of flow chart, As you sea it 2. History of growth in Engg Management in Pakistan? 3. Describe the responsibilities of:
A teacher A student Chairman of the Department
4. Case studies:
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