cannoL make lnsulln 1hls vlLal hormone helps Lhe bodys cells converL sugar lnLo energy WlLhouL lL sugar bullds up ln Lhe blood and can reach dangerous levels 1o avold llfe LhreaLenlng compllcaLlons people wlLh Lype 1 dlabeLes musL Lake some form of lnsulln for Lhelr enLlre llves Warn|ng S|gn Unusua| 1h|rst 1he sympLoms of Lype 1 dlabeLes Lend Lo come on suddenly and may lnclude W eellng more LhlrsLy Lhan usual W ury mouLh W rulLy breaLh W requenL urlnaLlon Warn|ng S|gn We|ght Loss s blood sugar levels remaln hlgh Lype 1 dlabeLes ofLen leads Lo DnlnLenLlonal welghL loss l ncrease ln appeLlLe Lack of energy drowslness Warn|ng S|gn Sk|n rob|ems ,any people wlLh Lype 1 dlabeLes experlence uncomforLable skln condlLlons lncludlng 8acLerlal lnfecLlons ungal lnfecLlons lLchlng dry skln poor clrculaLlon Clrls wlLh Lype 1 dlabeLes are more llkely Lo geL genlLal yeasL lnfecLlons 8ables can develop candldlasls a severe form of dlaper rash caused by yeasL LhaL can easlly spread from Lhe dlaper area Lo Lhe Lhlghs and sLomach ,ore Dangerous S|gns When blood sugars are noL conLrolled Lype 1 dlabeLes can cause more serlous sympLoms such as W -umbness or Llngllng ln Lhe feeL W 8lurred vlslon W Low blood sugar/hypoglycemla W Loss of consclousness Some paLlenLs have no obvlous warnlng slgns before falllng lnLo a dlabeLlc coma whlch requlres emergency LreaLmenL ,ore Dangerous S|gns ketoac|dos|s WlLhouL LreaLmenL Lype 1 dlabeLes deprlves your cells of Lhe sugar Lhey need for energy ?our body sLarLs burnlng faL for energy lnsLead whlch causes keLones Lo bulld up ln Lhe blood 1hese are aclds LhaL can polson Lhe body Plgh levels of acld ln your blood and Lhe oLher abnormallLles LhaL resulL from Lhe change ln your bloods pP level may Lrlgger a llfeLhreaLenlng coma known as dlabeLlc keLoacldosls 1hls ls an emergency LhaL musL be LreaLed qulckly and ofLenLlmes ln Lhe hosplLal 1ype 1 vs 1ype 2 D|abetes ln Lype 1 dlabeLes Lhe bodys lmmune sysLem mlsLakenly aLLacks and desLroys Lhe pancreaLlc cells LhaL produce lnsulln ln Lype 2 dlabeLes Lhe pancreas ls noL under aLLack and usually produces enough lnsulln 8uL for numerous reasons Lhe body doesnL use Lhe lnsulln effecLlvely 1he sympLoms of Lhe Lwo forms are slmllar buL usually come on more rapldly ln people wlLh Lype 1 What Causes 1ype 1 D|abetes? uocLors arenL sure whaL makes Lhe lmmune sysLem Lurn agalnsL Lhe pancreas buL mosL suspecL a comblnaLlon of geneLlc suscepLlblllLy and envlronmenLal facLors SclenLlsLs have ldenLlfled 30 genes or gene reglons LhaL ralse Lhe rlsk of developlng Lype 1 dlabeLes 8uL geneLlcs alone donL accounL for all Lhe rlsk so havlng Lhese genes doesnL mean LhaL youll develop Lype 1 dlabeLes Some researchers belleve LhaL envlronmenLal Lrlggers such as a vlrus or dleLary or pregnancyrelaLed facLors may play a role as well Who Gets 1ype 1 D|abetes? 1ype 1 dlabeLes can develop aL any age Powever lL accounLs for LwoLhlrds of Lhe new cases of dlabeLes dlagnosed ln Lhose under Lhe age of 19 1here appear Lo be Lwo peaks ln Lhe age of onseL Lhe flrsL ln early chlldhood and Lhe second durlng puberLy 1he condlLlon affecLs males and females equally buL ls more common ln whlLes Lhan ln oLher eLhnlc groups ccordlng Lo Lhe World PealLh CrganlzaLlon Lype 1 dlabeLes ls rare ln mosL frlcan -aLlve merlcan and slan populaLlons D|agnos|ng 1ype 1 D|abetes Slmple blood LesLs can dlagnose dlabeLes fasLlng blood sugar LesL or a random blood sugar LesL (plus Lhe presence of sympLoms) can be used n 1c LesL whlch reveals average blood sugar levels for Lhe pasL 23 monLhs can also be used 1esLs should be repeaLed on Lwo separaLe days Lo dlagnose dlabeLes less convenlenL glucose Lolerance LesL wlll also help deLermlne wheLher you have dlabeLes lf youre dlagnosed wlLh Lype 1 dlabeLes your docLor may be able Lo deLermlne Lhe Lype by checklng for cerLaln anLlbodles ln Lhe blood Long1erm Comp||cat|ons 9rolonged hlgh blood sugar can damage many of Lhe bodys sysLems over Llme 9eople wlLh Lype 1 dlabeLes have a hlgher rlsk of PearL dlsease and sLroke kldney fallure vlslon problems and bllndness Cum dlsease and LooLh loss -erve damage ln Lhe hands feeL and organs ,on|tor|ng our 8|ood Sugar 1he flrsL sLep Loward prevenLlng compllcaLlons ls Lo regularly monlLor your blood sugar or glucose level 1hls lnvolves prlcklng your flnger puLLlng a drop of blood onLo a LesL sLrlp and puLLlng Lhe sLrlp lnLo a glucose meLer 1he resulLs wlll help you opLlmlze your LreaLmenL plan When your blood sugar sLays near Lhe normal range youll have more energy fewer skln problems and a reduced rlsk of hearL dlsease and kldney damage Cont|nuous G|ucose ,on|tor|ng noLher way Lo check blood sugar paLLerns ls wlLh a conLlnuous glucose monlLorlng sysLem sensor measures Lhe level of glucose ln Lhe Llssue every 10 seconds and sends Lhe lnformaLlon Lo a cell phoneslzed devlce called a monlLor LhaL you wear 1he sysLem auLomaLlcally records an average glucose value every flve mlnuLes for up Lo 72 hours 1he devlce ls noL lnLended for dayLo day monlLorlng or longLerm selfcare and lL ls noL a replacemenL for sLandard blood sugar monlLorlng lL ls only lnLended for use Lo dlscover Lrends ln blood sugar levels D|abetes 1reatment Insu||n Shots Lveryone wlLh Lype 1 dlabeLes musL Lake lnsulln Lo help Lhe body process blood sugar ,osL paLlenLs Lake lnsulln as an ln[ecLlon and need mulLlple shoLs per day ?our healLhcare provlder wlll explaln how Lo ad[usL your lnsulln shoLs based on Lhe resulLs of your blood sugar LesLlng 1he goal ls Lo keep glucose levels ln Lhe normal range as ofLen as posslble Insu||n keact|on Warn|ng S|gns 1aklng Loo much lnsulln can lower your blood sugar Lo dangerous levels 1hls ls called an lnsulln reacLlon 1hese reacLlons can be mlld moderaLe or severe requlrlng Lhe help of oLhers Warnlng slgns lnclude LxhausLlon or excesslve yawnlng 8elng unable Lo speak or Lhlnk clearly Loss of muscle coordlnaLlon SweaLlng LwlLchlng Lurnlng pale Selzures Loss of consclousness -eutra||z|ng an Insu||n keact|on 9eople who Lake lnsulln should carry aL leasL 13 grams of a qulckacLlng carb aL all Llmes asL carbs are a way Lo brlng Lhe blood sugar up qulckly Lo combaL an lnsulln reacLlon Lxamples lnclude 1/2 cup of frulL [ulce or nondleL soda 1 cup of mllk 2 Lablespoons of ralslns 3 glucose LableLs or 3 Llfesavers lf your blood sugar ls sLlll Loo low afLer 13 mlnuLes have anoLher 13 grams or a severe reacLlon a drug called glucagon should be ln[ecLed under Lhe skln by a famlly member D|abetes 1reatment Insu||n ump Cne way Lo reduce Lhe odds of an lnsulln reacLlon ls Lo use an lnsulln pump 1hls devlce provldes lnsulln Lhrough a Llny Lube lnserLed lnLo Lhe skln lL dellvers lnsulln around Lhe clock ellmlnaLlng Lhe need for lnsulln shoLs n lnsulln pump can help keep your blood sugar more sLable and may allow more flexlblllLy ln plannlng your meals lnsulln pumps do have some dlsadvanLages so Lalk Lo your docLor Lo learn lf Lhls opLlon ls rlghL for you now We|| Is our 1reatment Work|ng? 1o flnd ouL how well your LreaLmenL ls worklng your docLor wlll probably suggesL you have an 1c blood LesL every Lhree Lo slx monLhs 1hls LesL reveals how well your blood sugar has been conLrolled over Lhe pasL Lwo Lo Lhree monLhs lf Lhe resulLs show poor blood sugar conLrol you may need Lo ad[usL your lnsulln Lherapy meal plannlng or physlcal acLlvlLy 1ype 1 D|abetes and D|et 1here are many myLhs abouL whaL people wlLh dlabeLes can and cannoL eaL 1he reallLy ls Lhere are no off llmlLs foods ?ou can eaL sweeLs as parL of a wellbalanced dleL and LreaLmenL plan 1he key ls Lo work wlLh your healLh care Leam Lo balance your lnsulln Lherapy meals and level of physlcal acLlvlLy 1ype 1 D|abetes and regnancy LeL your docLor know lf you plan Lo become pregnanL When Lype 1 dlabeLes ls poorly conLrolled lL can cause compllcaLlons lncludlng blrLh defecLs chlevlng good blood sugar conLrol before concepLlon lowers Lhe rlsk of mlscarrlage and blrLh defecLs Lo a raLe slmllar Lo LhaL of Lhe general populaLlon lL also reduces Lhe rlsk of compllcaLlons such as dangerous lncreases ln blood pressure and damage Lo Lhe reLlna ln Lhe moLher 1ype 1 D|abetes |n Ch||dren When a chlld ls dlagnosed wlLh dlabeLes lL affecLs Lhe whole famlly ln a very pracLlcal way 9arenLs musL help chlldren monlLor blood sugar plan meals and ad[usL lnsulln dosages around Lhe clock 8ecause dlabeLes requlres 24hour malnLenance arrangemenLs musL be made for LreaLmenL durlng school and exLracurrlcular acLlvlLles Laws vary from sLaLe Lo sLaLe regardlng whlch employees may admlnlsLer lnsulln aL school nope for an Art|f|c|a| ancreas 8esearchers are developlng a sysLem dubbed Lhe arLlflclal pancreas a comblnaLlon of an lnsulln pump and conLlnuous glucose monlLor conLrolled by a complex compuLer program 1he goal ls for Lhe sysLem Lo auLomaLlcally release lnsulln ln response Lo blood sugar levels and Lo reduce Lhe release of lnsulln when blood sugars drop [usL Lhe way a real pancreas does Larly Lrlals suggesL Lhe approach can lmprove blood sugar conLrol n effecLlve arLlflclal