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Learning Objectives
Learn About the Trim Out Phase Learn About Cable Management Understand How to Terminate Copper Media
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Cable Splicing
Splicing cabling is connecting two cables together In a straight splice, one cable will come to the splice point from one direction while the other cable will come to the splice point from the opposite direction In a butt splice, all cables come to the splice location from the same direction
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Cable Termination
The termination of communications cables at a TR is referred to as 'punching down
The term punch down comes from the special springloaded tool used to terminate the individual wires
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Labeling Systems
Labeling cable is essential to good cable management It is best to label cable before terminating it. If this was not done, use a tone and probe set to identify the cables Use an industry accepted labeling scheme such as the one specified in ANSI/TIA/EIA-606
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Dressing cables
Cable management is important to protect and organize cables It is never acceptable to place cables over a dropped ceiling or to lay them on ceiling tiles Similarly, cables should not be exposed around work areas since they can be accidentally stretched, kicked, or even pulled out of the outlet
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Wire Management
The purpose of wire management is to organize and protect cables Cable management systems can be open or closed
Open systems are accessible so it is easy to route, test, add, or remove cables
Closed systems provide better protection for the cables
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When office partitions are changed, the cabling is changed back to the MUTOA or consolidation point only
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Cable trays
Fasteners Management systems
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Raceways
Raceway is the term used to describe containment systems that house or support cables
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Cable Trays
Cable trays are used to provide a pathway and support for network distribution cables and backbone cables in cable runs or the TR
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Cable Baskets
Wire baskets have the same function as cable trays but are generally lighter and can be more versatile. They are made of formed and welded wire
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Ladder Racks
A ladder system is built from sections that resemble a ladder Ladder systems can be installed above a dropped ceiling, or they can be installed in a TR They can run vertically or
horizontally
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J-Hooks
J-hooks are used to support cables when other devices are not suitable J-hooks are easy to mount and come in a variety of sizes The large surface area can support cables without disturbing the architecture of the individual pairs Cables can be easily added or removed from J-hook supports
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Cable Ties
Nylon cable ties are used to secure cables into bundles for neat and orderly routing. Cable ties should not be over-tightened Over-tightening can cause the architecture of the cable to change
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Pair 2 - White/Orange
Pair 3 - White/Green Pair 4 - White/Brown
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RJ-11 Plugs and Jacks The RJ-11 connector, which can be either a jack or plug, is used for terminating Category 3 cable This common connector has six pins Pair 1(white/blue) is terminated on pins 3 and 4 Pair 2 (white/orange) is terminated on pins 2 and 5 Pair 3 (white/green) is terminated on pins 1 and 6
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RJ-45 Plugs and Jacks RJ-45 plugs have eight pins that will accommodate up to four pairs of wires Pair 1 is always terminated on the center pins, in this case, pins 4 and 5 Pair 4 (white/brown) is always terminated on pins 7 and 8 Using T568B, pair 2 (white/orange) terminates on pins 1 and 2
Coaxial Cable Connectors The two common types of coaxial cable connectors are BNC connectors and F-connectors
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The telephone D-type connector is used to interconnect communications equipment to terminal blocks. It is also used to connect one entire terminal block to another. These connectors crimp 25 pairs of wire and can come in male and female configurations
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110-Blocks
110-blocks are high-density termination blocks suitable for either voice or data applications The insulation displacement connection provides a low resistance gas tight connection
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Fiber-Optic Connectors
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SC Connectors SC type connectors feature a push-pull connect and disconnect method. High quality SC connectors feature a ceramic ferrule. A ferrule is a ceramic shaft that contains the fiber The SC connector is the preferred connector to use according to the standards.
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ST Connectors The ST fiber-optic connector is a bayonet type of connector The receptacle is keyed and the connector is also keyed Standards will allow the use of ST connectors when the existing infrastructure incorporates ST connectors
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FC Connectors
FC fiber-optic connectors are similar in design to the SC and the ST The method of securing the FC connector is a threaded receptacle.
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LC connectors are ideal for applications where space is limited. LC connectors are similar in appearance to SC connectors, yet they are half the size.
MTP connectors provide reliable high performance interconnects of up to 12 fibers.
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Fiber-Optic Splicing
Splicing is the joining of two pieces of fiber-optic cable. In a mechanical splice, the splice connector provides precision alignment so that the cores of the two fibers being spliced are aligned as close to one another as physically possible
Fusion splicing is the actual welding of the optical fibers to one another. Special machines called fusion splicers are used in this process
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Patch panels
The rear of the patch panel has network cables that are punched down
The front of the patch panel has a factoryterminated interface of some type into which patch cords are inserted
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Patch Cables Patch cables come in a variety of wiring schemes. The most common, the straight through, has the same wiring scheme on both ends of the cable Crossover cables use the T568A wiring plan on one end and T568B on the other
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Cross-connecting
Cross-connecting is the term used for the interconnection of networks or the connection of information outlets or jacks to network equipment Cross-connect wire is punched down directly on the punch down termination panels rather than using a patch cord
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