DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH SPEED ELECTRIC GENERATOR AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (RET) MODEL FOR COMMERCIAL AND RURAL COMMUNITY

APPLICATIONS. BY KUTADZA ALIMON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LEVEL 4 1

1:INTRODUCTION 1.1:BACKGROUND

According to the IEA-Energy outlook 2004 some 1.6 billion people about one quarter of the world's population,have no access to electricity.80% of these people live in rural areas of the developing world. Without adequate supplies of affordable energy,it is virtually impossible to carry out productive economic activity or improve health and education. Zimbabwe is currently experiencing serious power shortages and having excessive load shedding. A wide range of factors are of course responsible for the power shortages. 2

 In as much as the entire nation is blaming the national utility,Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority,(ZESA),for the power shortages,emphasis needs to be shifted on how we can find ways that more electricity can be produced as well as utilizing that which is already being produced. Zimbabwe has an installed capacity to produce about 2100MW of electricity. Electricity is generated locally at Hwange(920MW),Kariba(750MW),Harare(135MW ),Bulawayo(120MW) and Munyati (120MW ) As the supply falls far short of the demand,electricity supply is sometimes augmented by imports.
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BACKGROUND Cont'd

BACKGROUND Cont'd As the power supply falls far short of the demand However ,electrical machine design in the 21st century has been made even more possible because of the advent of fast, efficient computer software and the ability to carry out much iteration quickly and cheaply. The impetus is now on the design Engineer to arbitrarily design and perform calculations rather than actually performing them. These latest developments in design have enabled the solving of many design problems.
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BACKGROUND Cont'd The acute shortage of electricity in Zimbabwe has heightened the need to consider alternative generation modes. Some companies like Triangle Ltd produce their own power while others have resorted to using diesel and petrol generators to supplement the national grid. However this has proved to be very costly for companies leading to discussions on less costly and more realistic approaches to electricity generation.
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1.2:PROBLEM STATEMENT The desire to come out with alternative generation modes involves utilizing some of the nation's idle lying biomass points in the South eastern lowveld and in the Eastern highlands. For the points to be utilized correspondingly small scale electric power plants need to be designed which leads to the DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SPEED ELECTRIC GENERATORS AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY MODEL FOR COMMERCIAL AND RURAL APPLICATIONS

1.3:JUSTIFICATION
Previously electrical machine design and attempts to disseminate RETS have encountered unforeseen barriers,The 21st century has seen the advent of fast and efficient computer software and design techniques which help in the realizations of these ventures. Barrier removal work like this project which aims at design and construction are very important so that future projects will avoid pitfalls experienced by earlier initiatives. If successful this project promises to be a model for the integration of large scale and community/household scale sustainable biomass energy management. 7

1.4:OBJECTIVES Learn relevant design skills including production of design drawings using relevant computer software. Establish production methods for the RET model with the help of a local company,organization and or institution using locally available resources. Perform calculations,develop detailed drawings and design sheet for RET model. And evaluate performance
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2:LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Introduction RETs have over the years become an integral part of the energy supply chain in most developed countries. Recent projections show that 13.5% of the world's primary energy supply comes from renewable resources and that this figure has an aggregated growth rate of 16%. Although the continent Zimbabwe has abundant renewable resources,these have not been fully utilized.
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Literature review cont'd Small hydro projects producing power in the output ranges of 1-10KW are gaining popularity in Africa particularly as isolated power supply schemes for village electrification. However few biomass power plants exist especially in Zimbabwe where we have Triangle Ltd as one of the biomass power plant points. These companies have not extended their electricity supply to neighboring communities.
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2.2:DESIGN PROCESS
The design process is a series of steps that are used as guidance in problem solving The design process is cyclical and is fundamentally a process that is highly computational and iterative. The initiation of design of the high speed electric generator requires specification of performance The main areas of design are the magnetic circuit,the electric circuit and the heating and cooling circuit. A simple generalized design process of electric generators has been developed and outlined below
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DESIGN PROCESS

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3:METHODOLOGY In carrying out this project various methods of gathering reliable data such as interviews, desk researches and internet researches will be used. Oral interviews will be carried out with companies whose input in resources and information are essential to the success of the project in Zimbabwe. The internet and literature from the university library will also be used. A design of the lab model

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METHODOLOGY-GAUNTT CHART
TASK 1 Introduction 2 Literature review 3 Design process 4 Design sheet 5 Construction of lab model/Implementation 6 Testing of lab model 7 Discussions(limitations and recommendations) DATES 10/10/2011-17/10/2011 10/10/2011-31/10/2011 17/10/2011-30/11/2011 05/12/2011-12/12/2011 13/11/2011-28/03/2012 29/03/2012-05/04/2012 05/04/2012-12/04/2012

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4:EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

The initial stage in design procedure is the selection of suitable basic materials to use. Conducting material Copper is the most suitable material to use for electrical machines. Availability of copper is fast becoming compromised as a result of dwindling deposits of copper as well as its price fluctuations. Therefore copper is fast being replaced by aluminum. Magnetic material Silicon steel is the most important for construction of electrical machines. 15 Insulating material

Equipment and materials contd

For the synchronous generators the desirable characteristics of the magnetic circuits are shown in the table below. A variety of other construction materials and equipment like windings, ball bearings, drilling machines, centre lathes and other PART MATERIAL NORMALLY machining equipment are required. Most of USED the stator and rotor construction materials Stator core Silicon steel would be supplied by steel Relmo. Stator tooth Silicon
Gap Pole Rotor core Air(in cooled machines) Silicon steel(for salient pole machines) Silicon steel
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BUDGET
SUBMITTED COST ENQUIRES AND AM STILL TO RECIEVE A RESPONSE.ALTHOUGH FOR THE LAB MODEL STATOR AND ROTOR CONSTRUCTION WILL BE PROVIDED BY RELMO.

5:REFERENCES www.isesco.org.ma Accessed Saturday 17 September 2011 at 08:09 www.asiapacificpartnership.org Accessed Saturday 17 September 2011 at 08:09 www.rural.org Accessed 26 September 2011 at 15:05. Design of Electrical Machines (Juha Pyrhoen), 2008, John Wiley and Sons 18 Ltd 1st Ed