1)

2)
3)

4)

To bring drifted,tilted or rotated teeth to their indicated physiologic position for proper reproduction of proximal surfaces in restorative material . To close space between teeth not amenable to closure by the contemplated restoration. To move teeth to another location, so that when restored,they will be in a position most physiologically acceptable by the periodontium To move teeth from a nonfunctional or traumatically functional location to a physiologically functional one.

5) To move teeth occlusally (extrusion)or apically (intrusion)in order to make them restorable. 6) To move teeth in a direction and to location to increase dimensions of available tooth structure for the resistance and retention form of the contemplated restoration. 7) To create space sufficient for thickness of matrix band interproximally . 8) To move teeth to position , so that when restored ,they will be in most esthetically pleasing situation.

A)Rapid or immediate tooth movement: 1.Wedge method 2.Traction Method B)Slow or delayed tooth movement

 This

is a mechanical type of separation that creates either proximal separation at point of the separators introduction or improved closeness of the proximal surface opposite the point of the separators introduction. It can be used preparatory to slow tooth movement ,or to maintain a space gained by slow tooth movement . It should not exceed 0.2-0.5mm the thickness of the involved tooths periodontal ligament.

 Separation

is accomplished by the insertion of a pointed wedge shaped device between the teeth ,in order to create separation at that point or closure on the opposite proximal side of involved teeth. The following are examples of separators: a.Elliots separators b.Wood or plastic wedge

a.Elliots separator: Indicated for short duration separation that does not necessitate stabilization. Procedure :Adjust the two opposing wedges of the separator interproximally so that they are positioned gingival to contact area not impinging on the interdental papilla . B.Wood or plastic wedges: These are triangular shaped wedges, usually made of medicated wood or synthetic resin. In cross section the base of the triangle will be in contact with the interdental papillae, gingival to gingival margin of proximal cavity.

 This

is always done with mechanical devices which engage the proximal surface of the teeth by means of holding arms, moved apart creating separation between clamped teeth.
:a.Non-interfering true separator

Examples

b.Ferrier double-bow separator

A. Non interfering true separator: This device indicated when continuous stabilised separation is required. Its advantages are separation can be increased or decreased after stabilization. B.Ferrier double bow separator: With this device the separation is stabilized throughout the operation. Its advantage is that the separation is shared by the contacting teeth ,not at the expense of one tooth ,as with the previous type of instrument.

 Indication

: When teeth have drifted and or tilted considerably, rapid movement of the teeth will endanger the periodontal ligament. Therefore, slow tooth movement over period of weeks , will allow the proper positioning of teeth in physiologic manner.
METHODS:a.Separating wires b.Oversized temporaries c.Orthodontic appliances

A. SEPARATING WIRES: Thin pieces of wire are introduced gingival to contact ,then wrapped around the contact area . The two ends are twisted together to create separation not to exceed 0.5mm . The wires are then tightened periodically to increase the separation.

B.OVERSIZED TEMPORARIES: Resin temporaries that are oversized mesiodistally may achieve slow separation . Resin is added to the contact areas periodically to increase the amount of separation ,which will not exceed 0.5mm per visit.

C.ORTHODONTICAPPLIANCE: For tooth movement of any magnitude ,fixed orthodontic appliance are the most effective and predictable method available.

 After

repositioning of the tooth by any of the delayed tooth movement techniques, its necessary to use one or more of the immediate tooth movement techniques to create space for thickness of band material.

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