DYNAMICS 2

Multi Degrees of Freedom (MDOF)

Systems Using Modal Superposition
By

Moustafa M Shafik Mohamed
Objectives


Outline of the modal superposition method

To introduce the Modal superposition as a powerful technique in solving
the MDOF systems thru a solved example

Applying the modal superposition for solving MDOF systems using
SAP2000

Introduction to the Response spectrum method

Application of the Modal Superposition in Floor Vibration Problems

*Outline of Modal Superposition Method 1
*This section is extracted from Structural
Analysis By Coates, Coutie and Kong
Outline of Modal Superposition Method 2
Outline of Modal Superposition Method 3
Outline of Modal Superposition Method 4
Similarly,
Transposing the I mode equation,
Because of the symmetry of
M ,
Equation 2
Equation 1
Outline of Modal Superposition Method 5
Pre-multiplying 1 by

, Post-multiplying 2 by
, then subtracting yields ,
Outline of Modal Superposition Method 6
The above equation shows the different modes are
orthogonal to each other with respect to the Mass Matrix.
Similarly, we can prove that they are orthogonal to each
other with respect to the Stiffness Matrix.

By using this property, the coupled D Eqs of equilibrium
can be decoupled and solved as a group of SDOF
systems. Then,

The final answer is obtained by combining again all
different modes.

The steps are,
Outline of Modal Superposition
Method 7
Outline of Modal Superposition
Method 8
Then solve the individual (uncoupled) SDOF systems
Then obtain the final answer by combining all the modes using,
Solved Example of 2DOF system 1

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 2

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 3

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 4

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 5

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 6

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 7

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 8

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 9

Solved Example of 2DOF
system 10

Solved Example of 2DOF system 11

Solved Example of 2DOF system 12

Solved Example of 2DOF system 13

Solved Example of 2DOF system 13a
2
1
tan
l
l
M k
c
e
e
|

=

( )
2 2 2
0 2
) / 2 ( ] ) / ( 1 [
/ ) sin(
cos sin
s l s l
l
d d
t
M
c
f f f f
k t P
t B t A e y

| e
e e
+

+ + =
|
.
|

\
|

where the Phase Angle or the Angle of Lag of the response
The complete solution becomes
t P ky
dt
dy
c
dt
y d
M
l
e sin
0
2
2
= + +
The Equation of Motion is:
Solved Example of 2DOF system 13b
2 2 2
) / 2 ( ] ) / ( 1 [
1
s l s l
f f f f
DLF
+
=
Solved Example of 2DOF system 14
Solved Example of 2DOF system 15

Solved Example of 2DOF system 16

Solved Example of 2DOF system 17

Solved Example of 2DOF system 18

Solved Example of 2DOF system 19
Solved Example of 2DOF system 20

Solved Example of 2DOF system 21

Solved Example of 2DOF system 22

Response Spectrum Analysis 1

Response Spectrum Analysis 2

Response Spectrum Analysis 3

Response Spectrum Analysis 4

Response Spectrum Analysis 5

Response Spectrum Analysis 6

Floor Vibration using Modal
Superposition

(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(
(

n
n nn n n
n n
F
F
x K x K x m
x K x K x m 1
1 1
..
1
1 1 11
..
1 1
.
. . . .
. . . .
.
Equilibrium Equation,
Decouple using,

= + F X K X M
..
j
m
j
ji i
x o |

=
=
1
Consider the
first mode only,

= + F K M
T T T
| | | | |
o o
1
1
1 1
1
..
1 1
) ( ) (
1
1
1
2
1
1
..
M
F
T

= +
|
o e o
Floor Vibration using Modal
Superposition
Normalize the maximum
Eigenvector value to 1 and
consider only one load at mid
span,
For a simple beam, the
modal mass of mode 1 is
given by,
max
1
F F
T
=

|
1
max
1
2
1
1
..
M
F
= + o e o
2
1
mL
M =
The solution of this
equation is given by,
Dlf
M
F
DLf
K
F
x
1
2
1
max
1
max
max
e
= =
2 / 1 2 2 2 2
} ) ( 4 ] ) ( 1 {[
1
s
L
s
L
f
f
f
f
DLF
, +
=
2
1
= DLf
For sinusoidal loading
function, the DLF is
given by,
For resonance case,
Floor Vibration using Modal
Superposition
Considering the loading function given
in section 2, zero initial conditions, and
the matching between the force
frequency and the floor frequency, the
dynamic response in terms of
acceleration is given by

In terms of acceleration, the
response is given by,

e
2
1
2
2
1
max 2
max
..
|
.
|

\
|
O =
ml
F
x
100
1
%
max
max
..
x
mgl
F
g
x

=
100
29 . 0
%
) 35 . 0 (
max
..
x
W
e
g
x
f

=
Floor Vibration Using Modal Superposition
) ( sin t a x e =
) ( cos
.
t a x e e =
) ( sin
2
..
t a x e e =
) ( cos
3
...
t a x e e =
e =
..
...
x
x
) ( ) ( ) (
... ...
f Log x Log x Log =
) ( ) ( ) (
... ..
f Log x Log x Log =
mX C Y =