TRADE UNIONISM

According to G.D.H Cole ,a trade union means an association of workers in one or more professions carried on mainly for the purpose of protecting and advancing the members economic interest in connection with their daily work . Indian trade union act 1926 defined trade union as any combination whether temporary or permanent formed primarily for purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employer or between workmen and workmen, between employers and employers or for imposing restrictive conditions on conduct of any trade or business and includes federation of two or more trade unions.

DEFINATIONS

ORIGIN
SEPARATION OF CAPITAL AND LABOUR PHILOSHPHY OF LAISSEZ-FAIRE LACK OF BARGAINING POWER ON PART OF WORKERS. INDIVIDUAL DISPENSIBILTY BUT COLLECTIVE INDESPENSABILTY

FUNCTIONS OF TRADE UNIONS

MILITARY OR PROTECTIVE FUNCTION

POLITICAL FUNCTIONS

ANCILARY FUNCTION

FRATERNAL OR EXTRA MURAL

SOCIAL FUNCTION

 The national commission on labor has pointed following basic functions on which trade unions has to pay greater attention1. To secure workers wages. 2. To safeguard the security of tenure and improve condition of service. 3. To enlarge opportunities for promotion and training. 4. To improve working and living conditions 5. To improve for educational ,cultural and recreational facilities. 6. To cooperate in and facilitate technological advances by broadening the understanding of workers on underlying issues. 7. To promote the identity of interest of workers with their industry. 8. To offer responsive ,cooperation in improving levels of production and productivity ,discipline and high standard of quality and generally , 9. To promote individual and collective bargaining.

Functions of trade union

WHY DO WORKERS JOIN TRADE UNION

To attain economic security To improve their bargaining power and balance it with that of management To ventilate the workers grievances to management To inform workers view, aims , ideas and dissatisfaction /frustration to management. To secure protection from unexpected economic needs like illness ,accidents and injury To satisfy their social and psychological needs. To secure power

METHODS OF TRADE UNION

Mutual insurance Collective bargaining Legal /political action for further elaboration

 THE DOCTRINE OF VESTED INTEREST : according to the doctrine wages and other conditions of employment hitherto enjoyed by any section of workmen ought under no circumstances be interfered by worse. THE DOCTRINE OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND: the doctrine relies on the method of collective bargaining and implies that because of the collective action taken by the labor ,trade unions are able to attain their objectives THE DOCTRINE OF LIVING WAGE : the doctrine empowers the workers to maintain their right to demand living wages THE DOCTRINE OF PARTNERSHIP: this doctrine implies that the workers are to be accepted as partners in industry as such they should be associated with affairs of management THE DOCTRINE OF SOCIALISM: this doctrine implies that every worker has a right to work ,rest and leisure ,maintenance in old age ,sickness and disability and equal pay and equal work.

PRINCIPALS TO REGULATE TRADE UNION FUNCTIONS

 SOLE OR EXCLUSIVE BARGAINING AGENT: under this measure ,the union is accepted as the sole bargaining agent on the employees of the company PREFERENTIAL UNION SHOP: under this measure, the union members are first preference in recruitment MAINTENANCE OF MEMBERSHIP :the union must retain its members in good standing for duration of contract as a condition of employment AGENCY SHOP: though the employees are not the member of the union ,they have to pay fees/dues for collective bargaining UNION SHOP: all employees in the bargaining unit must be or become members of union after a specified date CLOSED SHOP: under this type of security .union members are employed by the employer

UNION SECURITY

RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL COMMISION ON LABOUR

National commission on labour ,1969 made following recommendations in respect to union security 1. Closed shop is neither practicable nor desirable. 2. Union security measures should only be allowed to grow as a natural process of union development 3. An enabling provision to permit check off on demand by recognized union should be adequate

UNION STRUCTURE
CRAFT UNION: if the workers of same craft or category of job form into a union ,the union is called a CRAFT union .these unions are also known as HORIZONTAL UNION. GENERAL UNION INDUSTRIAL UNION-VERTICAL UNION FEDERATION industrial union ,either in the same industry or of the different industry may form an association to improve the union strenght

TRADE UNION PROBLEMS

MULTIPLICITY OF UNIONS AND UNION RIVALRY

POLITICAL AND OUTSIDE LEADERSHIP

SMALL SIZE OF UNION

VICTIMISATION

LOW MEMBERSHIP

INACTIVE FUNCTIONING

POOR FINANCIAL POSITION

 The Indian trade movement is less than a century old. It was the delayed start and slow growth of modern capitalist industrial enterprises in India that accounted for the delay and emergence of trade union movement In 1851 the first cotton mill was established in India. First recorded strike at EMPRESS MILLS AT NAGPUR over wage rates. between 1882 and 1890 ,twenty five strikes were recorded in Bombay and Madras presidencies. The establishment of Bombay Mill Hand Association ,under the president ship of N. M. Lokhandwale in 1890 ,is often referred to as starting point of Indian labor movement .the association also published a journal Dinbandhu

DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE UNIONISM IN INDIA

 The first world war proved to be a catalyst .although war boosted the industrial growth ,it led to sharp rise in prices and costs of living as well as to a wage lag. Beginning 1918 and continuing till 1920 saw strikes occurring all over the country. The establishment of ILO in 1919 and formation of ALL INDIA TRADE UNION CONGRESS gave momentum to the movement. The madras labor union was formed in year 1918 under the leadership of Mr B . P. Wadia. The Ahmadabad textile labor association was also established in 1920 under the leadership of Ansuya ben sarabhai and Shanker lal Banker.

FIRST WORLD WAR PERIOD

1920-1929
Formation of AITUC; Expansion in number of trade unions and membership Enactment of Indian trade union act 1926, giving legal protection Increase in frequency of industrial dispute causing work stoppage . Growth of LEFTIST influence on indian trade union movement and Split of AITUC into 3 ,INDIAN TRADE UNION FEDERATION AND RED TRADE UNION CONGRESS.

1930-1939
1. The great depression and its effect on trade union activities. 2. Reunification of trade union movement 3. Formation of congress ministries under govt of india act 1935