Ralink Video Turbine (RVT)

Ralink Technology 2010/03/19

Agenda

WiFi Video Usage Models WiFi Video Requirement Ralink Video Turbine Ralink Video Turbine Testing Report

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 2

TV DLNA/Internet Connection
Ralink 802.11n USB adapter for Wi-Fi connectivity

TV w/ DLNA Player

Media Flow

Media Flow ISP

Cable/DSL

DLNA Controller

DLNA Server (NAS)

Ralink Dual-band Concurrent Router (RT3662+3092) 2.4G for Data 5G for Video

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WiFi Enabled STB Architecture (Satellite/Cable/Terrestrial STB)

Internet Broadband

Wi-Fi Home Gateway Entry Level WiFi enables location free internet capability for firmware upgrade and VOD service (RT3370/3680/3572)

WiFi WiFi

Content comes from the Satellite or Cable HDMI

Master STB

High Performance WiFi enables whole home DVR option (RT3572/3573/3662/3883)

Slave STB HDMI

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WiFi Enabled STB Architecture (IP STB)

Internet Broadband
Content comes from the IP service provider

Wi-Fi Home Gateway

WiFi High Performance WiFi enables the location free content delivery ( RT3572/3662/3883) WiFi

Master STB HDMI

High Performance WiFi enables whole home DVR option ( RT3572/3573/3662/3883)

Slave STB HDMI

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 5

Agenda

WiFi Video Usage Models WiFi Video Requirement Ralink Video Turbine Ralink Video Turbine Testing Report

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 6

WiFi Video Requirement (1)

QoS QoS
Latency Jitter PER < 50 ms 1 packet/30 mins 7.0 x 10-8 1.0 x 10-8 WFA < 200 ms RFC4445 9~50 ms Gaming < 10 ms

Bandwidth QoS
MPEG2
MPEG4 H.264

HD (Mbps)

SD (Mbps)

20
10 10 WFA 2HD, 2SD (35 Mbps) 3 dry walls 35 meters

5
2.5 2.5 TV/BD 1HD (20 Mbps) 2 concrete walls 20 meters

Range QoS
Session Walls Coverage

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WiFi Video Requirement (2)

WFA: A good PHY with good diversity to overcome dynamic multipath that is capable of sustaining a raw PER of less than 2%.
HTQoS PHY
STBC TxBF MRC MLD ACE ACE: Adaptive Channel Estimation and Equalization WFA Optional Testing Plan Optional Testing Plan Ralink YES YES YES YES YES

MAC retransmission is used to improve the compound PER to an acceptable value ( 1 packet loss per 30 minutes)
HT QoS MAC
Retransmission Count Priority Queue
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WFA Recommend

Ralink YES YES

Agenda

WiFi Video Usage Models WiFi Video Requirement Ralink Video Turbine Ralink Video Turbine Testing Report

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 9

Ralink Video Turbine (RVT, AP)

Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)WMM WMM Admission Control (WMM-AC)WMM-AC IGMP Snooping & Multicast-to-Unicast ConversionIGMP Snooping Dynamic Clear Channel SelectionDynamic Channel Selection (1) Video Aware ClassifierVideo Aware Classifier

Software

Video Rate AdaptationVideo Rate Adaption

Retransmission control for audio/video Separate Retransmission Control for Audio/Video Packets Priority queue for stream control packets

MAC

Explicit Transmit Beam FormingTransmit Beam Forming Space-Time Block Coding (STBC)Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) Maximum-Likelihood Decoding (MLD)MLD (Maximum Likelihood Detection) Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)2x2 vs. 2x3(MRC) Performance Baseband Enhancement Baseband Enhancement
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PHY

Ralink Video Turbine (RVT, STA)

Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) WMM Admission Control (WMM-AC) IGMP Snooping & Multicast-to-Unicast Conversion Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS)Data Transmission via AP WiFi Direct WiFi Direct 1:1 P2P Group WPS Extension (Ad-Hoc Security Mode) Retransmission control for audio/video Priority queue for stream control packets

Software

MAC

Explicit Transmit Beam Forming Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) Maximum-Likelihood Decoding (MLD) Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) Baseband Enhancement
- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 11

PHY

WMM

Source: Wi-Fi Alliance

Four classes of traffic Voice highest priority Video prioritized over data traffic Best Effort data traffic that requires no QoS Background low priority traffic (file downloads, print jobs) Higher priority traffic has a shorter contention window backoff Higher priority traffic is allowed to burst traffic for a longer time period once the client starts transmitting
- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 12

WMM

Source: Wi-Fi Alliance

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WMM-AC

WMM-AC solutions are configured to limit certain devices or applications from operating on the network
-

Example: Only WMM prioritized traffic (voice or video) Example: Limited number of video or voice devices on a network Example: Do not allow a new multimedia stream request if insufficient bandwidth is available on the network Example: Do not allow legacy 802.11b devices

802.11n

802.11b

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IGMP Snooping

Multicast traffic is less reliable than Unicast traffic because it has no layer 2 acknowledgments or retransmissions IGMP snooping is used in wired networks to prune multicast traffic so it is transmitted only to intended receivers In addition to IGMP snooping the WLAN access point also converts Multicast traffic to Unicast traffic so that layer 2 acknowledgements, 11n MCS and retransmissions can be used to reduce PER.
IPTV channel
(224.1.2.3 multicast)

IPTV channel
(224.1.2.3 multicast)

IPTV channel
(224.1.2.3 multicast)

IPTV channel
(224.1.2.3 multicast)

L2 switch

wired

L2 switch

AP

wireless

AP
unicast to each receiver

unreliable multicast

Broadcast to each port no matter where the receivers are

With IGMP Snooping traffic is only switched to downstream ports with intended receivers

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 15

Separate Retransmission Control for Audio/Video Packets

RVT provides the retransmission count per AC Different retransmission count will affect jitter, delay and PER.

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 16

Data Transmission via AP

While doing data transfer, the associated AP becomes the forwarder between STA-1 and STA2 in this scenario.

AP

STA-1

STA-2

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 17

DLS (802.11e) / TDLS (802.11z)

With the DLS or TDLS(ad hoc like), the pairs can enjoin the double bandwidth while keeping the connection to the AP (Infrastructure). 802.11e DLS defines the Direct Link Setup mechanism, but needs the AP and STAs aware of DLS protocols. 802.11z TDLS only needs the STAs award of TDLS protocols.

AP

TDLS handshake protocol uses a specific Ethertype encapsulation (0x890d) as data frame through an AP

STA-1 with TDLS Capable

STA-2 with TDLS Capable

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RT3572 TDLS Testing Report

Chan 1~5 2.4GHz (BW=40MHz) Tx Rx 2Tx + 2Rx 5GHz (BW=40MHz) Tx Rx 2Tx + 2Rx TDLS is off 58.8 59.7 62.9 Chan 36~44 TDLS is off 65.16 60.62 62.754 TDLS is on 132.5 137.9 148.2 TDLS is off 62.5 61.6 63.6 TDLS is on 131.3 131.5 146.4 TDLS is off 68.5 64.2 56.8

Chan 8~13 TDLS is on 130.0 139.8 144.1 Chan 60~64 TDLS is on 128.9 128.4 149.6

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 19

TDLS (cont.)

Topology-1: x2 Throughput

Topology-2: > x2 Throughput

Topology-3: TDSL cannot help

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 20

WiFi Direct 1:1 P2P Group

P2P Group Owner Camcorder

P2P Client TV

P2P group: a set of connected devices. Single SSID and one security domain.

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 21

WiFi Direct - 1:n P2P Group

P2P Client TV

P2P Client Projector

P2P Group Owner Laptop P2P Client Camera

A 1:n P2P group can be thought of as a personal area network.

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 22

WiFi Direct - Concurrent Operation

A Wi-Fi Direct Device can operate concurrently with a WLAN (infrastructure network) A P2P Group can operate in the same, or different regulatory class and channel as a concurrently operating WLAN BSS

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MLD (Maximum Likelihood Detection)

Transmitter Receiver

Zero Forcer

ZF

MLD

MLD

MLD has optimal non-linear decision regions and enhanced sensitivity Zero-Forcer amplifies noise and degrades sensitivity
- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 24

2x2 vs. 2x3(MRC) Performance

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 25

Transmit Beam Forming

By applying the channel information that the transmit beam formee sends back, it is possible to shape the overall pattern of the received signal, emulating a higher-gain, or directional antenna in the direction of the target.

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Space-Time Block Coding (STBC)

STBC transmitter encodes a single stream of data across multiple antennas to create spatial and time diversity. STBC improves performance by creating a diverse signal that is more resistant to multipath fading STBC delivers 3dB of gain at receivers with only 1 antenna.

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 27

Baseband Enhancement

Patented implementation

Viterbi Adaptive Channel Estimation and Equalization

Turn off BE

Designed to combat multipath effects on MIMO OFDM signals Low power operation, reduced complexity Optimized to work with MIMO-MLD

Turn On BE

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 28

Dynamic Channel Selection (1)

AP scans available channels automatically to start the BSS on a clean channel.

Step 1: AP Perform channel scan to check the air status. Step 2: Calculate channel dirtiness. Step 3: Pick up a good channel with smallest dirtiness and False-CCA count small than 100. Step 4: Pick up a good channel with smallest sum of FalseCCA and dirtiness if no channel fit step 3.

AP will do the channel noise detection periodically

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 29

Dynamic Channel Selection (2)

Radar detection (DFS)

In 5Ghz band, if a radar signal is detected, AP will re-do the channel scan and selection, switch to a cleanest channel w/o radar. In this case, theres a protocol called DFS(802.11h) for AP to announce to all associated clients that this BSS will move to a new clean channel. AP and clients will switch to the new channel at the same time without interrupting the on-going sessions.

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 30

Video Aware Classifier

Ralink video aware technology can detect the encrypt video traffic. (patent-pending)

Audio

Audio Video

Video
Classifier
Web

Marker
Best Effort

Scheduler

FTP

Background
Analyze the real time traffic flow and identify the video traffic Tag the identified video packet Config the hardware settings for video traffic (retry count, MCS rate)

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 31

Video Rate Adaption

Provide enough bandwidth for video transmission

Less BA size Less aggressive rate adaption

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 32

Agenda

WiFi Video Usage Models WiFi Video Requirement Ralink Video Turbine Ralink Video Turbine Testing Report

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 33

Explict BF (Compressed) 3x3 2x2

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 34

Explict BF (Compressed) 3x3 1x1

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 35

Explict BF (Compressed) 2x3 1x1

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 36

2x3 MRC On/Off Performance (2x3 2x3/2x2)

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 37

2x3 STBC On/Off Performance (2x3 1x1)

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 39

Video StreammingTest Setup

Type HD SD BW (Mbps) #Stream 2 15 2 9

RT3662 AP

Ruckus

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 40

NLOS Video Streamming RT3662 vs. Ruckus

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 41

NLOS Video Streamming RT3662 vs. Ruckus

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 42

LOS Video Streamming RT3662 vs. Ruckus

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LOS Video Streamming RT3662 vs. Ruckus

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 44

Video Aware Classifier

Testing Equipment

Agilent N2X

MDI (Media Delivery Index) is defined in IETF RFC 4445, and endorsed by the IP Video Quality Alliance (IPVQA), defined two components

Delay Factor (DF) Media Loss Rate (MLR)

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 45

Video Aware Classifier

Video Streams

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 46

Video Over WiFi

Item
Beam Forming MLD MRC

Simulation Target
3-6 dB 2-5 dB 2-8 dB

Test Result
5-10dB 2 dB 2 dB

STBC
High Power PA

2-4 dB
3 dB

2-3 dB
3 dB

- RALINK PROPRIETARY & CONFIDENTIAL- 47

Thank You !!
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