ANAT123 (Biol123) Cell Structure and Function

Features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes The major cell components and how they interact to deliver observable cell behaviour insights into the manner in which cells interact key exemplars of cell components and processes

Your Lecturers
Dr A Simpson

Dr P Miller

ANAT123 -about the course.

Biological Sciences handbook page 22 Website:

https://vital.liv.ac.uk
Molecular Cell Biology; Lodish et al., Scientific American Books Molecular Biology of the Cell; Alberts et al., Garland Publishing. The World of the Cell; Becker et al., Pearson Education Biology; Campbell and Reece, Pearson Education

Recommended Reading
Biology; Campbell and Reece, Pearson Education, 7th Edition Unit 2 The Cell, chapters 6,7,11 and 12; Unit 3, chapters 13; Unit 5, chapters 26 and 27. A visit to www.campbellbiology.com is highly recommended http://www.open2.net/science/cellcity/

Assessment
100% examination 60 multiple choice (1 correct from 4) Exam 1.5 hrs Self assessment- x2 within lectures slots.

Lecture 1: Introduction to Course

What is life? General properties: Order Reproduction Growth and development Energy Organisms take in energy and use it to perform work Response to the environment Homeostasis Evolutionary adaptation

All self-sustaining life is based on cells

What is a cell?
A unit of life
All organisms are constructed from cells All organisms derived from a single cell Cells are the simplest independent units Cells can only arise by the replication of other cells

= CELL THEORY

History

1665 Hooke drew the cut surface of cork as seen through a microscope. Pattern described as cells.

1838 Schleiden(plants), 1839 Schwann(animals) Organisms grow only by growth and division of cells.
1858 Virchow; Every animal appears as the sum of vital units, each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life.

Cell theory - So what?

Cells all evolved from some sort of ancestral cell All cells are related by ancestry

PROVE IT!

Evidence for cell theory

Based on similarities of structure and function
Use of DNA for hereditary data storage Use of universal genetic code Use of DNA > RNA > Protein Have highly related genes (sequences) Have similar metabolic mechanisms Use lipid bilayers as boundary membranes

What sorts of cells are there?

Prokaryotes (prokaryotic cells) no nucleus
Chromosome

Eukayotes (eukaryotic cells) nucleus

Contains chromosomes

e.g. Bacteria have cell membrane

e.g.fungi/protozans/ plant cells/animal cells have cell membranes have organelles..

Evolution of cells

Billions of years
0 1 2 3 4

Prokaryotic cells

Euk Mult

Relationship between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are simple evolved first Eukayotes came later
Eukaryotes have organelles similar to aerobic bacteria (mitochondria) photosynthetic bacteria (chloroplasts) archaebacteria (host cell)

Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic fusion of prokaryotes

Eukaryotes are more advanced

Multicellular organisms are colonies of eukaryotic cells The diversity of organisms arises from the properties of these cells The cells within an organism have different properties = DIFFERENTIATION

Cell differentiation

Organisation of an organism
Singled cell life forms
The cell IS the organism

Multicellular organisms
Differentiated cells

ORGANISED into
A. Tissues B. Organs

An example of cell organisation

Cells are organised into Tissues Two fundamental sorts of tissue in our bodies A. Epithelia B. Mesenchymal tissue... Tissues are organised into organs heart liver brain etc

Basic types of tissue

Epithelia
Basement membrane
(extracellular matrix)

Mesenchymal cells

Brief summary
Cells are the fundamental unit of life Two major types of cell: eukaryotic and prokaryotic Eukaryotic cells developed from prokaryotic Eukaryotic cells evolved to form multicellular organisms The structure of organisms is based on fundamental types of tissue

ANAT123 Course Information

Reading. Lecture material and course content are derived from the following texts:

Molecular Cell Biology; Lodish et al., Scientific American Books Molecular Biology of the Cell; Alberts et al., Garland Publishing. The World of the Cell; Becker et al., Pearson Education Biology; Campbell and Reece, Pearson Education