CH01

Medical Terminology
A Word-Building Approach
Jane Rice, RN, CMA-C
Chapter 1
Fundamental Word Structure
Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Understanding Fundamental Word Structure

Medical Terminology is the study of terms that are used in the art and science of medicine.
Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Fundamentals of Word Structure

The fundamental elements in medical terminology are the component parts used to build medical words. The component parts used in this text are P for prefix, R for root, CF for combining form, and S for suffix.
Prefix
Prefix means to fix before or to fix to the beginning of a word. A prefix may be a syllable or a group of syllables placed at the beginning of a word to alter or modify the meaning of the word or to create a new word.
Word Root
A root is a word or word element from which other words are formed. It is the foundation of the word and conveys the central meaning of the word.
Combining Form
Combining Form is a word root to which a vowel has been added to join the root to a second root or to a suffix. The vowel o is the most common vowel used to make combining forms.
Suffix
Suffix means to fasten on, beneath, or under. A suffix may be a syllable or group of syllables united with or placed at the end of a word, to alter or modify the meaning of the word, or to create a new word.
Principles of Component Parts

Most of the terms for the body's organs originated from Latin words, whereas terms describing diseases that affect these organs originated from the Greek. Many prefixes and suffixes have more than a single definition, so one must learn to use the definition that best describes the term.
dentifying Medical Words

Learn to distinguish between and select the appropriate component parts for the meaning of words.
Spelling
Medical words of Greek origin are often difficult to spell because many begin with a silent letter or have a silent letter within the word. Spelling of all medical words is extremely important because the addition or omission of a single letter may change the meaning of the word.
Spelling
The following guidelines are provided to help with the identification and spelling of medical words:
If the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel from the combining form and add the suffix. If the suffix begins with a consonant, keep the combining vowel and add the suffix to the combining form. Keep the combining vowel between two or more roots in a term.
Forming Plural Endings

To change the singular endings to plural endings, substitute the plural endings as follows:
a as in bursa ax as in thorax en as in foramen is as in crisis
to ae as in bursae to aces as in thoraces or es as in thoraxes to ina as in foramina to es as in crises

is as in iris is as in femoris ix as in appendix nx as in phalanx
to ides as in irides to a as in femora to ices as in appendices to ges as in phalanges

on as in spermatozoon um as in ovum us as in nucleus y as in artery
to a as in spermatozoa to a as in ova to i as in nuclei to i and add es as in arteries
Using Abbreviations
An abbreviation is a process of shortening a word or phrase into appropriate letters. It is used as a form of communication in writing and documenting data.
Pronunciation
A single accent mark (') is called a primary accent. It is used with a syllable that has the strongest stress. A double accent mark (") is called a secondary accent and is given to syllables that are stressed less than primary syllables.
Pronunciation
Diacritics are marks placed over or under vowels to indicate the long or short sound of the vowel.
Macron ( ) the long sound of the vowel. Breve ( ) the short sound of the vowel. Schwa ( ) indicates the uncolored, central vowel sound of most unstressed syllables.
Building Your Medical Vocabulary

Medical Words and Definitions with Word Parts These terms (shown in black in the Building Your Medical Vocabulary feature) can be analyzed and defined by dividing them into component parts. 1. Prefixes (P) 2. Roots (R) 3. Combining Forms (CF) 4. Suffixes (S)
Building Your Medical Vocabulary

Medical Words and Definitions without Word Parts These terms (shown in pink in the Building Your Medical Vocabulary feature) are not usually analyzed and defined by dividing them into component parts.
Process of being stuck together is known as:

A. abate B. abscess C. adhesion D. afferent
Process of being stuck together is known as:

A. abate B. abscess C. adhesion D. afferent
A word element from which other words are formed is called:

A. combining vowel B. prefix C. suffix D. word root
A word element from which other words are formed is called:

A. combining vowel B. prefix C. suffix D. word root
Excision means the process of cutting out. The prefix ex- means:
A. out B. to cut C. process D. in
Excision means the process of cutting out. The prefix ex- means:
A. out B. to cut C. process D. in
The spreading process of cancer from one area of the body to another area is known as:
A. abnormal B. efferent C. malignant D. neopathy
The spreading process of cancer from one area of the body to another area is known as:
A. abnormal B. efferent C. malignant D. neopathy
Which branch of medicine is concerned with diseases of the kidney?

A. Family Practice B. Internal Medicine C. Nephrology D. Neurology
Which branch of medicine is concerned with diseases of the kidney?

A. Family Practice B. Internal Medicine C. Nephrology D. Neurology
Abate means to increase.

A. True B. False
Abate means to increase.

A. True B. False
The term for new disease is neopathy.

A. True B. False
The term for new disease is neopathy.

A. True B. False
A lack of color is called palmar.

A. True B. False
A lack of color is called palmar.

A. True B. False
The abbreviation for diagnosis is Dx.

A. True B. False
The abbreviation for diagnosis is Dx.

A. True B. False
An endocrinologist specializes in treating diseases of an allergic nature.

A. True B. False
An endocrinologist specializes in treating diseases of an allergic nature.

A. True B. False
The term prefix means to fix before or to fix to the end of a word.
A. True B. False
The term prefix means to fix before or to fix to the end of a word.
A. True B. False
Cachexia refers to a localized collection of pus.

A. True B. False
Cachexia refers to a localized collection of pus.

A. True B. False
Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease is called an epidemic.

A. True B. False
Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease is called an epidemic.

A. True B. False
The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the lungs is pulmonary medicine.
A. True B. False
The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the lungs is pulmonary medicine.
A. True B. False
A trauma surgeon would be responsible for medical repair of traumatic injuries.

A. True B. False
A trauma surgeon would be responsible for medical repair of traumatic injuries.

A. True B. False
Chapter 1 Scenario
You are currently working in a doctors office. Most of the people your doctor sees are overweight and are seeking help from your doctor.
What type of physician do you work for?

A. anesthesiologist B. bariatrician C. family practitioner D. gastroenterologist
What type of physician do you work for?

A. anesthesiologist B. bariatrician C. family practitioner D. gastroenterologist
What is not a primary concern of bariatrics?

A. controlling obesity B. preventing obesity C. stopping obesity D. treatment of obesity
What is not a primary concern of bariatrics?

A. controlling obesity B. preventing obesity C. stopping obesity D. treatment of obesity
The word root bar means

A. a bar B. bar shaped C. treatment D. weight/pressure
The word root bar means

A. a bar B. bar shaped C. treatment D. weight/pressure
In the word bariatrician, -ician is which word part?

A. combining form B. prefix C. suffix D. word root
In the word bariatrician, -ician is which word part?

A. combining form B. prefix C. suffix D. word root
In the word bariatrics, the word root iatr means:

A. physician B. one who C. weight/pressure D. treatment
In the word bariatrics, the word root iatr means:

A. physician B. one who C. weight/pressure D. treatment

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Medical Terminology

Jane Rice, RN, CMA-C

Understanding Fundamental Word Structure

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Fundamentals of Word Structure

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Principles of Component Parts

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

dentifying Medical Words

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Forming Plural Endings

a as in bursa ax as in thorax en as in foramen is as in crisis

to ae as in bursae to aces as in thoraces or es as in thoraxes to ina as in foramina to es as in crises

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Forming Plural Endings

is as in iris is as in femoris ix as in appendix nx as in phalanx

to ides as in irides to a as in femora to ices as in appendices to ges as in phalanges

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Forming Plural Endings

on as in spermatozoon um as in ovum us as in nucleus y as in artery

to a as in spermatozoa to a as in ova to i as in nuclei to i and add es as in arteries

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Building Your Medical Vocabulary

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Building Your Medical Vocabulary

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Process of being stuck together is known as:

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Process of being stuck together is known as:

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

A word element from which other words are formed is called:

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

A word element from which other words are formed is called:

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Which branch of medicine is concerned with diseases of the kidney?

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Which branch of medicine is concerned with diseases of the kidney?

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice

Abate means to increase.

Medical Terminology, 6e By Jane Rice