Adomian Decomposition method for system of Linear PDEs

The Adomian decomposition method transform the system of partial differential equation into a set of recursive relation that can be easily examined. To understand the method we write system of linear PDEs

xu xv  ! g1 xt xx
xv xu  ! g2 xt xx

With initial data

u ( x, o) ! f1 ( x )

v ( x, o) ! f 2 ( x )

System of linear PDEs can be written as

Lt u  Lx v ! g1 Lt v  Lx u ! g 2
with intial condition

u ( x, o) ! f1 ( x ) v ( x, o ) ! f 2 ( x )
where Lt and Lx are first order partial differential operators, and g1 and g 2 are inhomogeneous terms. Applying the inverse operator L1 to the system and using the initial data t

u ( x, t ) ! f1 ( x)  L1 g1  L1 Lx v t t v( x, t ) ! f 2 ( x)  L1 g 2  L1 Lx u t t

The Adomian decomposition method suggests that the linear terms u(x,t) and v(x,t) be decomposed by an infinite series of components

u ( x, t ) !
v ( x, t ) !
g

u
n!0

( x, t )
( x, t )
g

v
n!0

u
n!0 g n!0

( x, t ) ! f1 ( x)  L g1  L Lx vn ( x, t )
1 t 1 t n!0 g

vn ( x, t ) ! f1 ( x)  L1 g1  L1 Lx un ( x, t ) t t
n!0

Following Adomian analysis , the system is transformed into a set of recursive relations given by

u0 ( x, t ) ! f1 ( x )  L1 g1 t uk 1 ( x, t ) !  L1 Lx vk ( x, t ), k u 0 t
and

v0 ( x, t ) ! f 2 ( x )  L1 g1 t vk 1 ( x, t ) !  L1 Lx uk ( x, t ) t

Applications
Example
We first consider the linear system

ut  vx ! 0 vt  u x ! 0
with the intial condition

u ( x, 0) ! e x
v ( x, 0) ! e  x
we can write above system of linear PDEs in terms of differential operator

Lt u  Lx v ! 0 Lt v  Lx u ! 0

To derived the solution by using the decomposition method ,we follow the recursive relations

u0 ( x, t ) ! e x
uk 1 ( x, t ) !  L1 Lx (vk ), k u 0 t v0 ( x, t ) ! e  x

vk 1 ( x, t ) !  L1 Lx uk ( x, t ), k u 0 t
The remaining components are thus determined by

(u0 , v0 ) ! (e x , e  x )

(u1 , v1 ) ! (te  x , te x )

t2 x t2 x (u2 , v2 ) ! ( e , e ) 2! 2! t3 x t3 x (u3 , v3 ) ! ( e ,  e ) 3! 3!

t2 t4 t3 t5 x u ! u0  u1  u2  u3  ... ! e (1    ...)  e (t    ...) 2! 4! 3! 5!

x

Above solution can be written as

t2 t4 t3 t5 x v ! v0  v1  v2  v3  ... ! e (1    ...)  e (t    ...) 2! 4! 3! 5!

x

u ! e x cosh t  e  x sinh t v ! e  x cosh t  e x sinh t

Exercise
Consider the linear system of partial differential equations

ut  u x  2v ! 0 vt  vx  2u ! 0
With the initial data

u ( x, 0) ! cos x

v( x, 0) ! sin x

THANKS