There are three basic "laws" of Electrocardiography. These "laws" have to do with the direction of flow of electrical conduction in the heart or what we term as vector.
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+ =
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LEAD 1 Normal Physiological Left Axis Pathological Left Axis Right Axis Extreme Right Axis UPRIGHT UPRIGHT UPRIGHT
NEGATIVE
UPRIGHT
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
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Method # 3: Using the Hexaxial Diagram to find the degree of Axis Deviation This technique is a little hard to learn but it is also the most accurate( + or 100 to 150)
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-30 aVL 0 I
180
To determine the axis a scale must be used such as the one at the left.
60
II
Normal Axis -30 +100 -30 toto+120
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-30 aVL 0 I
180
First you must find the most equiphasic QRS complex in the six limb leads. This is done by adding and subtracting the number of squares each QRS complex has above the baseline and below the baseline in each lead.
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60
II
Normal Axis -30 +100 -30 toto+120
-30 aVL 0 I
180
60
II
Normal Axis
The axis will be perpendicular (right angle) to this lead. If the perpendicular lead has a positive QRS, orient the axis to the positive pole of this lead. If it is negative then orient it to the negative pole.
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