Application of enzyme

Cleaning Agent
Adwin Keung(8) Vincent Ma(15) Timothy Chui(6) Lincoln Li(12)

Purpose of working on this project

To investigate the use of enzyme in cleaning agent and to enrich our knowledge of biology. To extend the possible use of enzymes in application cleaning agents. To satisfy the assignment of HKDSEE (Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination).

The cleaning agents with enzymes in daily life

Ingredients: Aqua (water), sodium laureth sulfate & coceth-7 (plant-derived cleaning agents), sodium gluconate (soil dispersant), oleic acid (plant-derived anti-foaming agent), sodium hydroxide (alkalinity builder), sodium borate (alkalinity builder & soil dispersant), sodium chloride (thickener), amylase & protease (nonanimal derived enzymes), calcium chloride (cleaning enhancer), hexahydro-1,3,5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (preservative, less than 0.05%)

The cleaning agents with enzymes in daily life

Ingredients: Aqua, sodium laureth sulfate, coconut alcohol ethoxylate, glycerin, sodium citrate, oleic acid, glyceryl oleate, sodium hydroxide, sodium borate, amylase, cellulase, protease, calcium chloride, essential oils and botanical extracts* (citrus aurantium amara, citrus aurantium dulcis, citrus aurantium bergamia, myristica fragrans), hexahydro-1,3,5-tris (2hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (preservative, less than 0.05%). *linalool and d-limonene are naturally occurring components of these ingredients.

The cleaning agents with enzymes in daily life

Ingredients: Aqua (water), sodium laureth sulfate, coconut alcohol ethoxylate & glycerin (plant-derived cleaning agents), sodium citrate (water softener), oleic acid & glyceryl oleate (plant-derived anti-foaming agents), sodium hydroxide (alkalinity builder), sodium borate (alkalinity builder and soil dispersant), amylase, cellulase & protease (non-animal derived enzymes), calcium chloride (cleaning enhancer), hexahydro-1,3,5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl)-striazine (preservative, less than 0.05%)

The cleaning agents with enzymes in daily life

Ingredients: Sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium silicate, zeolites, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, polyglucose, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium percarbonate, carboxymethyl inulin, carboxymethyl cellulose, protease, cellulase, oleic acid, essential oils and botanical extracts* (citrus aurantium amara, citrus aurantium dulcis, citrus aurantium bergamia, myristica fragrans). *dlimonene is a naturally occurring component of these ingredients

The cleaning agents with enzymes in daily life

Ingredients: Sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium silicate, zeolites, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, polyglucose, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium percarbonate, carboxymethyl inulin, carboxymethyl cellulose, protease, cellulase, oleic acid.

Here is an animation about how enzyme take place in some cleaning agents.

What is the function of enzymes in cleaning?

Most of the used enzyme types breakdown large, water-insoluble soils and oil stains which are attached to fabrics, into smaller, more water-soluble pieces. The smaller molecules broken down by some enzymes are then removed by the mechanical action of the washing machine or by the interaction of other detergent ingredients.

Here is an animation about specific enzymes take place in some cleaning agents.

What is the application of enzymes in cleaning?

Specific enzymes are used to speed up the reaction of breaking down specific molecules. The enzyme does not loose its functionality after having worked on one stain and continues to work on the next one which makes it more effective with a smaller amount of detergents.

Here is some examples of commonly used enzymes in some cleaning agents ...

What is the function of enzymes in cleaning?

Proteases act on soils and stains containing proteins. Proteases are enzymes that break down a long chain of protein(polypeptide) into smaller chains called peptides.

 Amylases remove starch-based soils and stains, e.g. sauces, ice-creams, gravy. Amylases break down starch chains into smaller sugar molecules. Lipases are effective in removing oil / greasy body and food stains by breaking down them into smaller molecules.

Here is an animation about how cellulase take place in some cleaning agents.

 Cellulases provide general cleaning benefits, especially on dust and mud, and also work on garments made from cellulosic fibers, minimizing pilling to restore color and softness

preserves the smooth surface and bright colors

Cellulase can improve the appearance of cotton garments and it can preserve the smooth surface and bright colors. It can even restore that have become dull, faded and fuzzy after multiple washing and wearing. This could prevent formation of cotton bulk on the fabric structured surface, the cotton fabrics thus look more cleaner and softer.

 The mechanism of this cellulase can be explained by its reaction to cotton fibers. After the clothes are washed and dried many times, small micro fibers(about 1nM) form on the surface of the cellulose fibers. The micro fibers give the fibers a hairy or fuzzy look. These tiny 'hairs' disperse incoming light, making the fabric colors look dull.

Comparing natural enzyme and artificial engineered enzyme

Engineered organisms then produce the modified enzyme which is subsequently tested to make sure the usable ability of it s structure. Innovative methods due to the discovery of detergent enzymes which are much more active, efficient in terms of pH, temperature or chemical properties.

Artificial engineered enzyme

The genetic integrity of the organism producing the enzyme is changed forever. Usually such enzymes are used in a confined environment and are sometimes engineered in a such way that they will easily be denatured in the natural environment. Such alterations can be effected by organism breeding and by mutation (mutagenesis).

Artificial engineered enzyme

Artificial engineered enzyme can speed up reactions that natural enzymes could not speed up. This could due to more specified molecules that are harder to clean because genetic engineering could develop the wanted active site for the reaction.

Q&A time
Please ask questions that you want to ask about this topic.

IT IS THE
OUR SHARING.

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