John S. Abbott Engineering Associate -- Mathematics Corning Incorporated HPME01-024 Corning, NY 14831 abbottjs@corning.com talk at IMA 9 / 9 / 99
Outline
1. Problem characterizing high speed lasers predicting performance of links 2. Background for multimode fibers 3. Measurement data 4. Modeling results 5. Review of Problem
Introduction
To predict the performance of a link using multimode fiber, we need to know properties of both fiber and laser. The fibers properties (mode delays) derive from the measured index profile. The lasers properties (modal power distribution) are equally important and need to be estimated.
Definition/Measurement of Bandwidth
The bandwidth is the frequency where the FFT of the output pulse drops to 1/2 of its 0 frequency value. BW depends on mode delays & modal power
Laser BW = Source + Fiber The bandwidth depends on both laser and fiber.
Different
Lasers
Different
Fibers
Different
Lasers
Different
Fibers
Possible limitations
1. The intensity distribution I(r ) on a short length of fiber may not yet have settled into an excitation of individual propagating modes. Some think a continuum of modes is initially propagated and that these gradually evolve through destructive interference into a finite number of propagating modes. 2. Related modal noise/mode interaction effects -- current measurement technique is to shake the fiber under test and average over time to reduce effects of modal interference.
2. For a measured I(r ), determine the modal power distribution P_m which best matches I(r ) [in a least squares sense].
3. Comparison with experiments on short fibers is somewhat encouraging but not satisfactory
Intensity data
Calculated MPD
Intensity data
Second approach
1. Assume the intensity distribution I(r ) is due to a Gaussian beam with offset x and radius , for which both I(r ) and P_m can be calculated explicitly. Again assume
2. For a measured I(r ), determine the best fit offset Gaussian beam( ,x) whose P_m best matches I(r ) [say in a least squares sense].
where
is an eigenvalue and
Mode Delay
(PMD)
Conclusion
To predict the performance of a link using multimode fiber, we need to know properties of both fiber and laser. The fibers properties (mode delays) derive from the measured index profile. The lasers properties (modal power distribution) are equally important and need to be estimated.