HYBRID ARQ

Presented by:
Ajna Aslam
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CONTENTS

ii. Introduction

Hybrid ARQ
 About basic ARQ
 Introducing Hybrid ARQ
iii. Types of Hybrid ARQ
 Type-I Hybrid ARQ
 Type-II Hybrid ARQ
iv. Comparison of Type-I & Type-II
schemes
v. Applications
vi. Conclusion 2

vii. References
INTRODUCTION
About Basic ARQ

Hybrid ARQ
 An error control method for data
transmission

 Uses acknowledgments and timeouts

 Acknowledgment: Message sent by the

receiver to the transmitter to indicate
that it has correctly received a data 3
frame or packet
INTRODUCTION CONTINUED…

 Timeout: A reasonable point in time

after the sender sends the frame/packet

Hybrid ARQ
 Frame/packet re-transmitted if
acknowledgement not received before
timeout

 Error-Detection(ED) bits are added to

the data to be transmitted
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INTRODUCTION CONTINUED…

Hybrid ARQ
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INTRODUCTION CONTINUED…

Introducing Hybrid ARQ

Hybrid ARQ
 Variation of the ARQ error control
method

 Forward-Error-Correction(FEC) bits
added to the existing Error-Detection
(ED) bits

 Performs better than ordinary ARQ in 6

poor signal conditions
INTRODUCTION CONTINUED…

 Lower throughput in good signal

Hybrid ARQ
conditions

 Works better below certain cross-points

 Above these cross-points, basic ARQ is

better

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TYPES OF HYBRID ARQ
There are mainly two types of Hybrid ARQ
viz.,

Hybrid ARQ
iii.Type-IHybrid ARQ
iv.Type-II Hybrid ARQ

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TYPE-I HYBRID ARQ
 FEC scheme used is capable of
simultaneously detecting and correcting
the error

Hybrid ARQ
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TYPE-I HYBRID ARQ CONTINUED…

 Decoder detects the error, if any

Hybrid ARQ
 The detected error is corrected by the
decoder

 Packets re-transmitted if uncorrectable

errors occur

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TYPE-I HYBRID ARQ
CONTINUED…

 Re-transmitted code corrected for errors

Hybrid ARQ
by the receiver

 Packets re-transmitted if further

uncorrectable errors occur

 Process continues till the codeword is

successfully decoded

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TYPE-I HYBRID ARQ CONTINUED…

Hybrid ARQ
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ADVANTAGES OF TYPE-I
SCHEME

Hybrid ARQ
 Advantageous at high channel error
rates

 Provides higher throughput than basic

ARQ scheme

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DISADVANTAGES OF TYPE-I
SCHEME
 Lower throughput at low channel error
rates

Hybrid ARQ
 Receiver must be able to detect and
correct the received erroneous packets

 More robust coding than simple ARQ

 Increases the overhead for each

transmission
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TYPE-II HYBRID ARQ
 First transmitted packet need not contain
parity bits for error correction

Hybrid ARQ
 Subsequent re-transmissions contains the
parity for error correction

 Referred to as Incremental Redundancy

 Only parity bits for error detection

appended to the message at first
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TYPE-II HYBRID ARQ
CONTINUED…
 Detected error in the received words if
any, is stored in receiver buffer

Hybrid ARQ
 Re-transmission request is sent to the
transmitter

 Re-transmission is not the original

codeword but only a block of parity bits

 Re-transmission with parity bits used to

correct the previous erroneously received
codeword 16
TYPE-II HYBRID ARQ
CONTINUED…

 Re-transmission request sent if

Hybrid ARQ
transmission fails

 Transmitter re-transmits the original

codeword or another parity block

 Process continues until original

codeword is successfully decoded

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TYPE-II HYBRID ARQ
CONTINUED…

Hybrid ARQ
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COMPARISON OF TYPE-I &
TYPE-II SCHEMES
Type-I scheme Type-II scheme
Discards erroneously Stores erroneously

Hybrid ARQ
received code word received code word

Optimally combine with

Re-transmits until packet re-transmitted code word
is correctly received or
Exploits Incremental
until the pre-set number
Redundancy concept
of re-transmissions is
achieved
System adapts to varying
channel conditions

Larger buffer size

Small buffer size
required than Type-I, but 19
required, but an
is very efficient
inefficient scheme
APPLICATIONS

 Used in HSDPA and HSUPA

Hybrid ARQ
 theyprovide high speed data transmission
on downlink and uplink for mobile phone
networks

 Used in mobile WiMAX

 Used in 3GPP Long Term Evolution

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CONCLUSION

 Hybrid ARQ schemes can adapt to

Hybrid ARQ
channel changing conditions and thus
avoid the need for very complex coding
techniques

 They can achieve very high efficiency as

they use redundancy bits only when
needed

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REFERENCES
 Soljanin E., Hybrid ARQ in Wireless Networks,
presented at Wireless System Lab Seminar,
Texas A&M University, April 2003, and DIMACS

Hybrid ARQ
Workshop on Network Information Theory,
March 2003.

 R.A.Comroe and D.J.Costello. "ARQ schemes

for data transmission in mobile radio
systems". IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,
2:472-481, July 1984.

 G. Davida and S. Reddy. "Forward Error

Correction with Decision Feedback", 22
Information and Control, Vol 21, 1972.
 THANK

Hybrid ARQ
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YOU…