EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

EAB/EBB 3023: POWER ELECTRONICS 1 LECTURE SLIDES #11: DC-AC (INVERTER)

Lecturer:
Room: Phone: email:

Dr. Zuhairi Baharudin

22-03-09 05-3687810 zuhairb@petronas.com.my
Page 1

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Learning Objectives
At the end of the class, you should be able to:

Define DC-AC inverter and state its application Identify type of Inverter Explain the operation of half-bridge and full-bridge inverter

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Contents  Introduction  Half bridge inverter, R, L load  Half bridge inverter, R, L load with feedback/flyback diode  Full bridge inverter, R, L load with feedback/flyback diode  Average transistor and diode current  Inductive load analysis

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Introduction  An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)  The applications of inverter such as:  Solar photovoltaic  UPS  HVDC power transmission  AC motor speed control

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Square wave Inverter

 The basic fundamental of inverter  It converts a DC voltage to a square wave AC voltage  Although, the output is nonsinusoidal, it may be an adequate AC signal for some applications

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Half-Bridge: R, Load

 S1 and S2 are switched on and off alternatively at a 50% duty cycle

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Half-Bridge: R, L, Load

 When S1 ON, current will slowly rise  D1 and D2 depending on the value of L time constant,

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Half-Bridge: R and L load, with feedback/flyback diode

0<t<t1

The energy is transferred from L to Vdc1 through D1. t1<t<T/2 Vdc1 is supplying energy flowing through Q1. T/2<t<T/2+t1 The energy is transferred from L to Vdc2 through D2. T/2+t1<t<T Vdc2 is supplying energy flowing through Q2

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Full-Bridge: R, load

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Full-Bridge: R,L, load

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

The formulation for the output current

From Kirchhoffs Voltage law during the interval 0 to T/2,

dio (t ) Vdc ! Rio (t )  L dt

The output current is expressed as

Vdc io (t ) !  Ae t /X R

0 t T 2

Where A is a constant evaluated from the Initial condition and X ! L

R

At t=T/2, the voltage becomes Vdc and the current can be written as

io (t ) !

 Vdc  Be ( t T / 2 ) /X R

T 2

t T Initial condition

Where B is a constant evaluated from the

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

The formulation for the output current

Evaluating the output current, at t=0,

Vdc Vdc 0 io (0) !  Ae ! I min Thus, A ! I min  R R

Finally the output current, can be written as

io (t ) !

Vdc V  ( I min  dc )e t /X R R

0 t T 2

Likewise, evaluating the output current, at t=T/2,

io (T / 2) !

V  Vdc  Be 0 ! I max Thus, B ! I max  dc R R

Thus,the output current, can be written as

io (t ) !

 Vdc V  ( I max  dc )e  (t T / 2) /X R R

T 2

t T

EAB 3023 POWER ELECTRONICS 1: DC-AC INVERTER

Imin, Imax and power

Solving for Imax and Imin,

I max !  I min

V ! dc R

1  e Ts / 2X 1  e Ts / 2X

2 Power absorbed can be determined from P ! I rms R where the rms current is given by

I rms

1 2 2 ! i (t )dt ! Ts Ts 0

Ts 2

i 2 (t )dt
0

I rms

2 ! Ts

Ts 2

V Vdc ( I min  dc )e t / X dt R  R

If the switches are ideal, the power supplied by the source must be the same as Absorbed by the load: Pdc ! Vdc I in