EDS 103

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM PROCESS

CHAPTER 1

PREPARED BY:

CHE SUZANA AIDA BINTI CHE NORDIN SCHOOL OF IT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

LEARNING OUTCOMES
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At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: Define an information system and describe its components Explain how the internet has affected business strategies and relationships Identify various types of information systems and explain who uses them Explain systems development tools, including modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools Discuss the impact of information technology on business strategy and success Describe the system development life cycle

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.0 INTRODUCTION
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Introduce to the role of IT in todays dynamic business environment. Learn about the development of IS, system analysis and design concepts, the system development life cycle, and various system development methods, tools and techniques. Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions. Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

TOPIC OUTLINES
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1.1 The Impact of Information Technology 1.1.1 The Role of Systems Analysis and Design 1.1.2 Who develops Information Systems 1.2 Information System Components 1.3 Understanding The Business 1.4 Impact of the Internet 1.5 How Business Uses Information Systems 1.6 Information System Users and Their Needs 1.7 Systems Development Tools and Techniques 1.8 Systems Development Methods 1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.1 The Impact of Information Technology

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Information Technology Combination of hardware and software products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully

The Future of IT Responsible for half of all productivity growth and a third of all economic growth between 1995-1999 Online population worldwide is expected to increase 60 percent between 2001-2004

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.1 The Impact of Information Technology

1.1.1 The Role of Systems Analysis and Design

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.1 The Impact of Information Technology

1.1.2 Who develops Information Systems?

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1.2 Information System Components

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A system is a set of related components that produces specific results A Mission-critical system is one that is vital to a companys operations Information systems have five key components:

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1.2 Information System Components

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Hardware Is the physical layer of the information system Moores Law

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.2 Information System Components

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Software
System software e.g. OS, device drivers, etc Network operating system e.g. control flow of data Application software e.g. systems and software Enterprise applications e.g. payroll system, etc.. Horizontal system e.g. system that can be adapted for use in many different companies Vertical system e.g. system that designed to meet unique requirements

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1.2 Information System Components

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Data Is the raw material that an information system transforms into useful information Tables Linking

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1.2 Information System Components

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Processes Define the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results People Users, or end users, are the people who interact with an information system, both inside and outside the company

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1.3 Understanding The Business

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Business Profile Is an overview that describes a companys overall functions, processes, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction. Business Models Business models: is a graphical representation Business processes: describe specific set of transactions, events, tasks, and results BPR (business process reengineering)

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.3 Understanding The Business

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A simple business model might consist of an event, three processes, and a result
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1.3 Understanding The Business

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New Kinds of Companies Companies are classified based on their main activities: Production-oriented: manufacture and sell products Service-oriented: offer information or services Brick-and-mortar: conduct business from physical locations Dot-com (.com)

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.4 Impact of the Internet

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E-Commerce (I-Commerce) B2C (Business-to-Consumer) B2B (Business-to-Business) EDI, XML, HTML Web-Based System Development WebSphere, Web services

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.4 Impact of the Internet

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In past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served     Office systems Operational systems Executive information systems Decision support systems

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1.5How Business Uses Information Systems

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Today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions, rather than by users      Enterprise computing systems Transaction processing systems Business support systems Knowledge management systems User productivity systems

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1.5How Business Uses Information Systems

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Enterprise computing systems Support company-wide operations and data management requirements Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Transaction processing systems Efficient because they process a set of transaction-related commands as a group rather than individually

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1.5How Business Uses Information Systems

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Business support systems Provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company Management information systems (MIS) Radio frequency identification (RFID) Knowledge management systems (expert systems) Simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules Many use fuzzy logic

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1.5How Business Uses Information Systems

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User productivity systems Technology that improves productivity Word processing is an example Information systems integration Most large companies require systems that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features

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1.6 Information System Users and Their Needs

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1.6 Information System Users and Their Needs

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A typical organizational model identifies business functions and organizational levels

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.6 Information System Users and Their Needs

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.7 Systems Development Tools and Techniques

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Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques such as modeling, prototyping, and computer-aided systems engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information systems. Systems analysts work with these tools in a team environment

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1.7 Systems Development Tools and Techniques

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Modeling o Used to describe and simplify an information system: o Business model o Requirements model o Data model o Object model o Network model o Process model

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.7 Systems Development Tools and Techniques

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Prototyping  Early working version of an information system  Speeds up the development process significantly  Important decisions might be made too early, before business or IT issues are thoroughly understood  Can be an extremely valuable tool Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools  Framework for systems development and support a wide variety of design methodologies

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.8 Systems Development Methods

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Structured analysis and object-oriented analysis are both popular methodologies for developing computer-based information systems. A systems analyst should understand the alternative methodologies and their individual strengths and weaknesses.

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1.8 Systems Development Methods

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Structured Analysis Uses a set of process models to describe a system graphically Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

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1.8 Systems Development Methods

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Object-oriented (O-O) analysis       O-O analysis combines data & processes into objects Object is a member of a class Class is a collection of similar objects Objects possess properties Methods change an objects properties Messages request specific behavior or information from another object

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1.8 Systems Development Methods

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Joint Application Development and Rapid Application Development JAD Team based fact finding RAD compressed version of the entire process

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1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle

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y SDLC used to plan and manage the systems development process y It includes the following steps: y Systems planning y Systems analysis y Systems design y Systems implementation y Systems operation, security and support Traditionally pictured as a waterfall model, but is also presented as an interactive model depicting real world practice and the constant dialog among users, managers, and systems developers

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1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle

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1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle

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Systems planning  Purpose is to identify the nature and scope of the business opportunity or problem  Systems request begins the process & describes problems or desired changes  Systems planning includes preliminary investigation whose key part is a feasibility study

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1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle

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Systems Analysis Purpose is to build a logical model of the new system First step is requirements modeling, where you investigate business processes and document what the new system must do End product is the system requirements document

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1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle

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Systems Design Purpose is to create a blueprint that will satisfy all documented requirements Identify all outputs, inputs, and processes Avoid misunderstanding through manager and user involvement End product is system design specification

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1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle

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Systems Implementation     New system is constructed Write, test, & document programs File conversion occurs Users, managers, IT staff trained to operate and support the system  System evaluation performed

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1.9 The Systems Development Life Cycle

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Systems Operation and Support New system supports operations Maintenance changes correct errors or meet requirements Enhancements increase system capability After several years of operation, systems need extensive changes SDLC ends with system replacement

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1.10 Systems Development Guidelines

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Planning Involve users throughout the development process Listening is Very Important Create a Time Table with Major Milestones Identify Interim Checkpoints Remain Flexible Develop Accurate Cost and Benefit Information

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.11 Information Technology Department

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The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a companys information systems. The IT group provides technical support includes six main functions: application development, systems support, user support, database administration, network administration, and Web support

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.11 Information Technology Department

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IT department develops and maintains a companys information systems and it varies among companies. Application Development Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members Systems Support and Security Provides hardware and software support User Support Provides users with technical information, training, and productivity support

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

1.11 Information Technology Department

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Database Administration Database design, management, security, backup, and user access Network Administration Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security Web Support Design and construction of web pages and presence. Important for e-commerce

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

NEXT SESSION PREVIEW

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

LIST OF REFERENCES
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction To System Process

APPENDIX
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