Ogan Gurel, MD

Biology 301
Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

Biology 301
Cellular and Molecular Biology
Spring 2002

Lecture # 3: Carbohydrates & Lipids

 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

Overall outline
 Polymer Chemistry
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

Polymer Chemistry
 Polymerization (dehydration synthesis)
 Hydrolysis
 Ogan Gurel, MD

Polymerization Biology 301

Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

(dehydration synthesis)
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Hydrolysis
Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

Carbohydrates
 Introduction to carbohydrates
 The structure and classification of some
monosaccharides
 Cyclic structure of sugars
 Linear & ring forms of glucose
 Hexose sugars. Glucose, galactose and fructose (right)
 Examples of disaccharides
 Storage polysaccharides
 Starch & cellulose compared
 Arrangement of cellulose
 Glycosidic bond & hydrolysis
Introduction to Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

carbohydrates
Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD

The structure and classification Biology 301

Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

of some monosaccharides
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Cyclic structure of sugars

Roosevelt University
Linear & ring forms of Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

glucose
Roosevelt University
Hexose sugars. Glucose (left), Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301

galactose (middle), and fructose Lecture #3

Roosevelt University

(right)
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Examples of disaccharides
Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Storage polysaccharides
Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Starch & cellulose compared

Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Arrangement of cellulose
Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Glycosidic bond & hydrolysis

Roosevelt University

A glycosidic bond is formed 
from an alcohol on one sugar 
attacking the hemiacetal 
carbon of the other sugar.  
Hence polysaccharides can be 
described as intermolecular 
acetals. Acetals (and by 
implication — glycosidic 
bonds) are stable under basic 
conditions.
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

Lipids
 The synthesis and structure of a fat, or triacylglycerol
 Saturated and unsaturated fats and fatty acids
 Structure of a phosopholipid
 Self-assembly of phospholipids
 Cholesterol: a steroid
 Cholesterol: 3-D model
The synthesis and structure of a
Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

fat, or triacylglycerol
 Ogan Gurel, MD

Saturated and unsaturated fats Biology 301

Lecture #3
Roosevelt University

and fatty acids

 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Structure of a phosopholipid
Roosevelt University
Self-assembly of Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

phospholipids
Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Cholesterol: a steroid
Roosevelt University
 Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Lecture #3

Cholesterol: 3-D model

Roosevelt University