Biology 301
Review #1
Roosevelt University
Biology 301
Cellular and Molecular Biology
Spring 2002
Review # 1
Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
Review #1
Course Syllabus
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Lecture One
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Biology 301
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Covalent bonding
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Biology 301
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Hydrogen bonding
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molecules
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Valences of H, O, N & C
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Functional groups of organic Ogan Gurel, MD
Biology 301
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compounds
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Biology 301
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Lecture Two
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molecules
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by intermolecular forces
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and steam
Properties of Water
Cohesion, adhesion & surface tension
Cohesive behavior leads to capillarity
Some thermodynamic concepts
Water’s high heat capacity moderates temperature
changes
The high heat of vaporization cools surfaces upon
evaporation
Water expands when frozen: Ice floats and frozen
benzene sinks
… this has profound implications for the global climate
Some definitions in solution chemistry
The mole concept
Dissolution of salt in water
A water-soluble protein
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Biology 301
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Dissociation of water
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The pH of the blood is ~ 7.4 which is close to neutral but slightly on the basic side. Changes
in the blood pH of a few tenths on either side of this value can be fatal. Does this make sense
mathematically? On a momentbymoment basis, how is the blood pH so tightly regulated?
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Biology 301
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Lecture Three
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(dehydration synthesis)
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Biology 301
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Hydrolysis
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Biology 301
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Introduction to carbohydrates
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of some monosaccharides
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Examples of disaccharides
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A glycosidic bond is formed
from an alcohol on one sugar
attacking the hemiacetal
carbon of the other sugar.
Hence polysaccharides can be
described as intermolecular
acetals. Acetals (and by
implication — glycosidic
bonds) are stable under basic
conditions.
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fat, or triacylglycerol
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Structure of a phospholipid
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Biology 301
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Self-assembly of phospholipids
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Biology 301
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Lecture Four
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Biology 301
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Protein Functions
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structure
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Lecture Five
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Rate Laws
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Reaction profile
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Biology 301
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Catalysis
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Biology 301
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Michaelis-Menten Model
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Using some simple algebra and approximations show how MichaelisMenten kinetics reduces
to firstorder at low substrate concentrations and zeroorder at high substrate concentrations.
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Biology 301
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Negative feedback systems are not just confined to enzyme pathways. Show how some of the
pituitaryendocrine feedback loops follow the same paradigm. Another example is the
relationship between acid secretion and gastrin secretion by parietal cells and antral cells in
the stomach.
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Biology 301
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Types of inhibition
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Biology 301
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Lecture Six
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polynucleotides
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Chromatin Structure
Lecture Seven
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basic concept
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DNA strand
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parallel
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strands
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Lecture Eight
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eukaryotes
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• Redundancy
• no ambiguity
• Early evolution
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Biology 301
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Stages of transcription
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Biology 301
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Transcription initiation
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Biology 301
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Transcription elongation
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Transcription termination
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RNA processing
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RNA splicing
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Lecture Nine
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Structure of tRNA
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Anatomy of a ribosome
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Biology 301
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Initiation of translation
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Shine Dalgarno
Sequence in mRNA
is complementary
to a sequence in
the rRNA in the small
ribosomal subunit
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Biology 301
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Translation elongation
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Biology 301
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Termination of translation
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