Alternative Solutions
Partial and Full Dentures
Crowns
Bridges
Biocompatibility of Material
Desired Mechanical Properties High yield strength Modulus close to that of bones Built-in margin of Builtsafety: Changes in environment around implant Surfaces Composition Ion release Surface modifications
Types of Implants
Screw Implants (Left to Right: TPS screw, Ledermann screw, Branemark screw, ITI Bonefit screw)
Cylinder Implants (Left to Right: IMZ, Integral, Frialit-1 step-cylinder, Frialit-2 step-cylinder)
Cost
Wide variability in costs Single implant costs anywhere from $500 - $6000 Average ~ $1250 - $5000 $80,000 for full mouth reconstruction
Market
Nobel Biocare currently the leader US market grows ~ 20% annually, though it has historically been weak
This work was supported by grants from University of Ferrara, Italy (F.C.), Fondazione CARIFE (F.C.), Guya-bioscience, Ferrara, Italy (F.P.), Fondazione CARISBO (F.P.), Finalized Project Materials Tailored for Advanced Technologies, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Rome, Italy (A.P.), and Ministry of Education, University and Research (M.I.U.R.), Rome, Italy (A.P.).
Contract grant sponsors: Unife 60%; CARIFE; CARISBO; Guya-Bioscience (Ferrara, ITALY)
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by grants from Unife 60%(F.C.) and Guya-bioscience (F.P.).
Osseointegration
(B) After 3 weeks Osteoblasts begin forming spongy bone (C) After 4 months spongy bone replaced by compact bone Lamellar bone strongest type of bone, most desired next to implant (D) Osseointegration failure
Endorsing an intuition of a potential future successful application on mankinds, it was started a trial on rabbits using Biolok titanium dental implants, previously treated to obtain a surface coating with nanocrystalline film of metallic dioxide. Three groups of dental implants has been manufactured and surgically inserted in rabbits tibia: 1. uncoated dental implants (control); 2. TiO2 surface coated dental implants; 3. ZrO2 surface coated dental implants.
After thirty days bone sections have been analyzed in correspondance of the contact bone-implant zone and different osseointegration rates have been evaluated among the three groups above. The difference has been based on the presence of marks identifying small bone trabeculae. The results concerning osseointegration were extremely interesting: while in the cortical portion there are no differences among the three types of implants, around the implants embedded in the medullary portion, clearly appeared outstanding new bone apposition around TiO2 coated implants (55%) and ZrO2 coated implants (43%) if compared to the results obtained by uncoated implants (31%).
Medullary portion in endosseous uncoated dental implant section. new bone apposition = 31%
Medullary portion in endosseous TiO2 coated dental implant section new bone apposition = 55% Medullary portion in endosseous ZrO2 coated dental implant section new bone apposition = 43%
Anatase surface nanoscopic topography (300 x 300 nm), produced according to the patented method .