Introduction to CHEM 102B and Atomic Structure

CHEM 102B Information Lecture Times: Tuesday and Thursday 9 to 9:50 a.m. Instructor: Dr. Kelly Marville Office Location: 205 Chem Annex Office Phone: 244-0402 E-mail: marville@illinois.edu Office Hours: T, Th 2 3 p.m.; M, W 11-12 a.m.

CHEM 102B Homepage

Go to: http://www.chem.illinois.edu/clcwebsite
Choose course websites and click on the 102B icon

Please go to this website regularly to: i. Log into your grade book using your net-id and password to check your grades for the course. Grades for CHEM 102B are NOT kept in Lon-capa. ii. Log into Lon-capa (https://access1.lon-capa.uiuc.edu )using your netid and password iii. Access the link used to register your i-clicker

Lon-Capa
The Lon-capa website will be where you access: (i) The week s worksheet. Printed worksheets will not be provided during discussion Please attempt worksheet problems related to the last lecture BEFORE the discussion sections. (ii) Power points for lecture. They are available before lecture. (iii) Course Syllabus and Course Policy (please read both before the end of week 1). (iv) Lon-capa online homework. (v) Online quizzes. (vi) Keys for Worksheets and Hour Exams.

Required Materials
Text: Chemistry, 8th or earlier ed., Zumdahl I-clicker (can be bought at the bookstore) Scientific calculator with log function

Please see course website to correctly register your I-clicker. Registration must be done before January 24, 2012

Grading Policy On-line Homework: I-Clicker: Quiz score: Hour Exams: (3 x 150) Final Exam: 80 pts. 20 pts. 150 pts. 450 pts. No make-up quizzes or exams

300 pts. Total : 1000 pts.

Excused Absences are required for a pro-rated grade. Pro-rated: Average of other scores will be used for the missing grade.

Grades
1000 points total 97-100% (970 - 1000) = A+ 93 - 96% (930 - 969) = A 90 - 92% (900 - 929) = A87 - 89% (870 - 899) = B+ 83 - 86% (830 - 869) = B 80 - 82% (800 - 829) = Betc., etc., etc.

 Online quizzes will open every Friday at 1 a.m. and close on Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Each quiz is worth 15 points. There will be 12 online quizzes given and the top ten will be kept. Online quizzes are accessed through Lon capa .

YOU WILL HAVE 30 MINUTES ONLY TO COMPLETE AN ONLINE QUIZ AND TWO CHANCES TO ANSWER EACH QUESTION DURING THIS TIME.

I-Clicker
I-clicker questions will be multiple choice and the i-clicker bought needs to be able to answer multiple choice questions. Participation points: 0.2 points for first question answered using i-clicker (answer right or wrong). Question answered correctly: 0.4 points awarded per question. i-clicker points earned over 20 points will be added to your CHEM 102B point total.

Online Homework opens Tuesday at 9 a.m. and is due the following Tuesday by 9 a.m.
Graded Homework is online through the Lon capa link that can be found by going to the course s website. Log into Lon capa using your netid and password. First Lon-capa homework opens Tuesday, January 24 at 9 a.m. and is due Tuesday, January 31 by 9 a.m. Worksheets and suggested Zumdahl problems will not be graded. These problems will prepare you for Hour Exams and quizzes.

Hour Exams
There are three of these exams, each worth 150 points for a total of 450 points of your final grade. These exams are 75 minutes long and are multiple choice. These are tough exams and seek to test you on the material covered throughout the course. Be prepared! At the end of the worksheets, beginning in week 2, there will be Getting ready for Hour Exam problems. There will be extra

sessions held beginning Friday, January 27 in Noyes 165 from 1 to 1:50 p.m. where these problems will be addressed.

Words of Advice
Begin working from today! You will have to work hard to do well. Complete all worksheet problems and do as many chemistry problems as you can. As soon as a topic is not clearly understood seek help immediately. Use the resources provided. Keep track of your performance by checking the online grade book weekly. Be confident, be determined to make it and believe in yourself !

Must-Know Definitions
Atom: The smallest representative particle of an element.

Element: A substance that CANNOT be broken into simpler substances by chemical or physical means. Molecule: The chemical combination of two or more atoms. Compound: Substance with a constant composition that can be broken down into its elements by chemical processes.

Links between CHEM 102B Topics

Structure of atoms

Properties of elements

Compound and molecule formation, their structures and properties

Energy changes involved in chemical reactions and determining if a chemical reaction will occur

Performing chemical reactions with solid, liquid and gaseous molecules and compounds

Chemical reactions in equilibrium

Atomic Structure
Understanding the structure and properties of atoms is critical as combinations of atoms lead to the formation of unlimited number of chemical compounds, some of which are essential for life.

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Dalton s Atomic Theory

1. Matter is composed of indivisible atoms.
2. All atoms

of a given chemical element have John Dalton

identical properties. 3. Different chemical elements are composed of different atoms of different masses. Still true

4. Atoms are indestructible and chemical reactions are a rearrangement of atoms. 5. A compound forms from its elements through the combination of atoms of unlike elements in small whole number ratios.

1. Matter is composed of indivisible atoms

We now know that atoms have subatomic particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.

Particle

Symbol

Absolute Charge (C)

Relative Charge -1 +1 0

Absolute mass (kg) 9.11 x 10-31 1.673 x 10-27 1.675 x 10-27

Electron Proton Neutron

ep+ n0

-1.60 x 10-19 1.60 x 10-19 0

1. Matter is composed of indivisible atoms

The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.

Electrons move around the nucleus. This electron cloud makes up the volume of the atom.

An atom is electrically neutral when # protons = # electrons

2. All atoms of a given element have identical properties

This number of protons within the atom is called the atomic number (abbreviated Z).

All carbon (C) atoms contain 6 protons, Z = 6 A neutral carbon atom contains 6 electrons and 6 protons

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are collectively called isotopes and nuclides. individually are called

2. All atoms of a given element have identical properties

The mass number (abbreviated A) is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Mass number = Total number of protons + Total number of neutrons

x z

Mass number Chemical symbol Atomic number

Nuclide general symbol

12 6C 14 6C

4. Atoms are indestructible and chemical reactions are a rearrangement of atoms

In chemical reactions but not in nuclear reactions

5. Compounds contain a definite and small number of atoms

This is not true in complex organic compounds like sucrose, C12H22O11

1/1A 2/2A
14/ 16/ 13/3A 4A 15/5A 6A 17/ 7A

18/8A

114

115

116

117

118

Ds

Rg

Cn Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo

Atoms with similar chemical properties are in the same Group of the Periodic Table. Vertical columns = Groups Horizontal rows = Periods The Periodic Table has seven periods

Group 8A / 18

Noble gases Unreactive

monatomic gases

Group 1A / 1

Alkali metals Very reactive

soft solids

Group 2A / 2

Alkaline earth metals Reactive solids

Group 7A / 17

Halogens (X2) Very reactive non-metals

3A

4A 5A 6A 7A

Metals: conduct heat, electricity solids (except for Hg) lose electrons

Metalloids exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties Non-metals: poor conductors solids, liquids, gases

Ions
Atoms of metallic elements take part in chemical reactions by losing electrons, forming ions called cations. Number of electrons lost = Group number

Atoms of non-metallic elements take part in chemical reactions by gaining electrons, forming ions called anions.

Number of electrons gained = 8 Group Number

Transition Metals
These metals can form ions with different charges except Ag+ Zn2+ For example: Ions of manganese: Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+ Cd2+

The Hydrogen Atom is an Anomaly

Why? Hydrogen atoms can lose or gain their one electron H H + proton 1 proton 0 electrons H

lose e-

gain e-

H - hydride 1 proton 2 electrons

1 proton 1 electron

1 proton 1 electron

Isoelectronic Series
Definition: Atoms/ions that contain the same number of electrons Example:

In3+
Z = 49

Sn+4
50

Sb+5
51

Number of electrons: