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File Systems and Disk Management

Lecture 5
Hassan Shuja 10/19/2004

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File Systems
Different File Systems

FAT/FAT32 NTFS CDFS UDF

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File Systems
FAT/FAT32
FAT

Older and for management of smaller disk Compatible with NT/2k/9x/3.1/MS-DOS/OS/2 No security Filenames up to 255 characters and not case sensitive Volume size is 2GB in all systems, except for NT and W2k which is 4GB You can format floppy disks Only supported by W2k, Windows 98, and Windows 95 No Security Filename up to 255 characters and not case sensitive Additional 32 bit application support Volume is up to 32GB

FAT32

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File Systems
NTFS

Only available in Windows 2000 and NT Allows for security permission on files and folders Supports Encryption File System (EFS) Naming conventions similar to FAT/FAT32 Theoretical size of volume can be 16 exabytes
Functional limit of 2TB

Additional Features

Supports compressions for files Highly reliable and recoverable file system NTFS allows for mounting of a space in a different volume NTFS supports disk quotas

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File Systems
CDFS/UDF
CDFS
Supports access to compact discs Not used for Hard disk and only for CD-ROM

UDF
Used to access read-only digital video discs (DVD)

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File Systems
Converting to NTFS
FAT can be converted to NTFS without the loss of data Convert command is run in the command window
Convert D: /FS:NTFS /V

NTFS can be downgraded to FAT but it requires back up of data

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File Systems
Compression
In W2k all files and folders have ability to be compressed
Recommended for large files that are not used frequently

All files and folders moved between NTFS volumes inherit destination folders compression attribute Files and Folders that are moved within the same NTFS volume retain their compression attribute When moved or copied to a FAT volume, the compression attribute is lost

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File Systems
Disk Storage Types
Basic Disks
Contains primary or extended partitions Can have up to maximum 4 partitions Maximum of 4 Primary and 1 extended Clustering is only available on this

Dynamic Disks
Support unlimited number of volumes that can span physical drives Supports fault-tolerance Only supported by Windows 2000

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File Systems
Partition
Primary
The OS is booted from this partition Can only have 4 per disk

Extended

Can only have 1 per disk Not bootable Can be subdivided into one or more logical drives Logical drives can be formatted with FAT,FAT32, or NTFS

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File Systems
Volume Types
Dynamic disks support 5 volume types:

Simple Spanned Striped Mirrored Raid-5

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File Systems
Volume Types
Simple
Can be formatted with FAT, FAT32, or NTFS No fault tolerance Supported by all 4 flavors of Windows 2000

Disk 1

Data

Spanned

Combines free space from 2 to 32 physical disks into a single volume No fault tolerance No Gain of speed or loss of speed in a spanned volume Supported by all 4 flavors of Windows 2000

Disk 1 Disk 2

Data
To Disk 2

Data

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File Systems
Volume Types
Striped
Similar to spanned that it allows from 2 to 32 physical disks into a single volume Data is stored a block at a time, evenly and sequentially, among all of the disks in the striped volume Fastest disk access No fault tolerance Also known as RAID 0 Supported by all 4 flavors of Windows 2000

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3

Data

Data

Data
-Different Colors Indicate Different Files

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File Systems
Volume Types
Mirrored

Similar to spanned that it allows from 2 to 32 physical disks into a single volume A simple volume that is exactly duplicated onto a second dynamic disk No Speed gain or loss Supported by Windows 2000 Server, Advanced Server, and DataCenter Server Also known as RAID 1 Limited fault tolerance

Disk 1 Disk 2

Data

Data

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File Systems
Volume Types
RAID 3
Similar to striped, but is fault tolerant Logically distributes the information simultaneously across all disks designated for data, parity information is written on separate disk Writing is slow but the read performance is the same as a striped volume Supported by Windows 2000 Server, Advanced Server, and DataCenter Server Limited fault tolerance

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3


P PP P

Data

Data

Parity
-Different Colors Indicate Different Files -"P" Indicates Parity

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File Systems
Volume Types
RAID 5
Similar to striped, but is fault tolerant Logically distributes the information simultaneously across all 3 or more disks, also parity information is written across all of the disks Writing is slow but the read performance is the same as a striped volume Supported by Windows 2000 Server, Advanced Server, and DataCenter Server Limited fault tolerance

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3


P P

Data

Data

Data

Different Colors Indicate Different Files -"P" Indicates Parity

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