Introduction
1) Metal cutting is the process of removing a layer of metal from blank to obtain a machine part of the required shape and dimensions and with the specified quality of surface finish. In order to remove material from the blank the cutting tool should be harder than the material to be cut and the tool should be strong enough to withstand the forces developed during cutting process. The metal cutting process is accompanied by deformation due to compression, tension and shear and by great deal of friction and heat generation. There are two basic types of processes used to shape metals: CHIP REMOVAL PROCESS eg. Turning, Shaping, Drilling, Milling, Grinding, Boring, Honing. During the metal cutting process there is a relative motion between the workpiece and the cutting tool. This relative motion is produced by a combination of rotary and translatory motions of the tool or the workpieceor both. Operation Turning Milling Shaping Drilling Motion of the workpiece Rotary Translatory Fixed Fixed Motion of the cutting tool Translatory Rotary Translatory Rotary as well as Translatory
2)
2)
Three types of surfaces in turning operation are: 1. Work surface The surface from which material is cut 2. Machined surface- The surface which is formed or generated after removal of chip 3. Cutting surface - The surface which is formed by the side cutting edge of the tool The references from which tool angles are specified are the cutting plane and basic planes Cutting plane - Plane tangent to the cutting surface and containing and passing through side cutting edge Basic plane- Plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece and which is parallel to longitudinal and cross feeds
Tool designation in ASA system: BRA- SRA- ERA- SRA-ECEA-SCEA- Nose radius