CRISIS Situation that occurs when an individuals habitual coping ability becomes ineffective to meet the demands of a situation.

. CHARACTERISTICS OF A Crisis State: Highly individualized Lasts for 4-6 weeks Person affected becomes passive and submissive Affects a persons support system

TYPES OF CRISES: Maturational/developmental crisis expected, predictable and internally motivated Example: parenthood Situational/accidental unexpected, unpredictable and externally motivated Example: vehicular accidental Social crisis due to acts of nature Example: tsunami

way of entering into the life situation of individual, family, group or community to help them mobilize their resources and to decrease the effect of a crisis inducing stress.

Goal of Crisis Intervention: To enable the patient to attain an optimum level of functioning.

Primary Role of a Nurse in Crisis Intervention: Active & Directive, the nurse has to assist the patient. PHASES OF A CRISIS Denial initial reaction Increased Tension the person recognizes the presence of a crisis and continues to do ADL Disorganization the person is preoccupied with the crisis & is unable to do ADL Attempts to recognize the individual mobilizes previous coping mechanism

 It

is a forcible insertion of the penis into the mouth, vagina or anus of a victim or the insertion of any object into the mouth or anus of the victim (R.A. 8353) It is generally considered as an act of hostility, anger or violence

Essential Elements Necessary to Define an Act of Rape: Use of threat/force Lack of consent of the victim Actual penetration of the penis into the vagina

Kinds: Power done to prove ones masculinity Anger done as means of retaliation Sadistic done to express erotic feelings Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS) Refers to group of signs and symptoms experienced by a victim in reaction to rape

Phases of RTS: Acute phase characterized by shock, numbness & disbelief Denial characterized by the victims refusal to talk about the event Heightened anxiety characterized by fear, tension, and nightmares Stage of reorganization the victims life normalizes

Priority Nursing Care: Preservation of evidence

 Cycle

of domestic violence characterized by wife beating by the husband, humiliation and other forms of aggression. Low self-esteem most common trait of abusive men Dependent most common trait of abused women

 Usually

come from violent families Immature, dependent and non-assertive Strong feelings of inadequacy

building phase involves minor battering incidents Acute battering incident more serious from battering Aftermath/honeymoon stage the husband becomes loving and gives the wife hope Priority Nursing Care: Provision of shelter

Tension

 Taking

advantage of authority of an adult over a younger child Violence refers the use of force Neglect lack of provision of things necessary for the childs growth & development 2 components: Child abandonment Child neglect

 Physical

abuse abuse in the form of inflicting pain Emotional abuse abuse in the form of insults and undermining ones confidence Sexual abuse abuse in the form of unwanted sexual contact

 Come

from violent families Also abused by their parents Inadequate parenting skills Socially isolated because they dont trust anyone Emotionally immature Negative attitude towards the management of the abused

INDICATORS: Serious injuries in various stages of healing Healthy hair in various length Apathy, no reaction Depression Excessive knowledge of sex Self-esteem is low

Priority: R.A. 7610, anti-child abuse law requires reporting of suspected cases to authorities Report cases to the barangay officers, DSWD, personnel, police within 48 hrs.

 These

are emotional illnesses characterized by fear, autonomic nervous system symptoms and avoidance behavior.

 Panic

Attacks sudden attacks of intense anxiety. Intervention: Relaxation exercise; antianxiety Agoraphobia fear of being alone in public places Intervention: Anti-anxiety; social skills training

 Social

Phobia fear of social situations where there is possibility of embarrassment. Intervention: Anti-anxiety; social skills training Simple Phobia fear of a specific object or situation Intervention: Anti-anxiety; systematic desensitization

 Obsessive-compulsive

disorder overwhelming need to carry out a stereotypical act to relieve anxiety precipitated by an obsessive though Intervention: Antidepressants; behavioral techniques such as response prevention and thought stopping.

 Generalized

Anxiety Disorder excessive anxiety for at least 6 months, that interferes with a persons life characterized by anxiety, motor tension, autonomic hyperactivity and cognitive vigilance Intervention: anti-anxiety; psychotherapy

 Post

traumatic stress disorder anxiety disorder characterized by reexperiencing the original traumatic event Intervention: anti-anxiety; antidepressant, group therapy

PRIORITY NURSING DIAGNOSIS Ineffective individual coping