1-THE PROFESSION OF ENGINEERING

1.1 The meaning, scope and role of engineering 1.2 The employment structure 1.3 Professional bodies 1.4 Engineering and organization

1.1 The meaning of engineering



The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) defines engineering:
the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

Engineering is a profession like medicine, law, etc. that aspires to high standards of conduct and recognizes its responsibility to the general public.

From a local perspective, the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) defines the term engineering as a group that:
Shares a common heritage of knowledge, skill and art in the engineering discipline Renders a specialized service in the designing and constructing structures and devices Involves confidential relationship between practitionerclient and/or employer Is charged with a substantial degree of public obligation in ensuring quality and public safety Is bound by a distinctive Ethical Code to maintain high standards of professionalism Has learned organizations of societies, to promote and protect the interest of the profession

1.1 The meaning of engineering

Engineering is a Profession
Has standards of conduct, responsibilities, based on specialised knowledge & professional status can be attained through a weel defined ways.

An Art..
As well as science : experience & practice, creativity & innovation.

The application of a professional judgment

In seeking optimum solutions.

Utilization of resources..
Nature, forces, energy, material, knowledge.

An Exercise in optimizing economic cost.

Practical & marketable.

1.1 The scope of engineering

According to disciplines
Aerospace, Agricultural, Biomedical, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Electrical, Industrial, Mechanical, Nuclear, Petroleum, etc.

According to functions
Research, Development, Design, Production and Testing, Sales, Operation, Construction, Management, Education, Consulting.

According to career path

Corporate ladder, Independent entrepreneur, Military or government, Engineering and social service aboard, Professor/engineer, Graduate work outside engineering, A mix of first six options.

Understands obligation

Enhance Communicatio n skills

Effective Engineers

Practice safety

Practice continuous learning

R&D,

Productions & Operations

Management & Sales

Engineers
Constructions Design

Academic

Development

Engineering Functions
The focus of an engineers work typically falls into one or more of the following areas:  Research - explore, discover and apply new principles  Development - transform ideas or concepts into production processes  Design - link the generation of ideas and the production

Engineering Functions


 

Production and testing - manufacture and assemble components or products Sales - market engineering products Operations - maintain equipment and facilities Construction - prior to construction organizes bids, during construction supervises certain components of process

Engineering Functions


Management - optimize the use of resources (equipment, labor, finances) Education - teach engineering principles in university and industrial settings Consulting - provide specialized engineering services the clients. May work alone or in partnership other engineers.

1.1 The role of engineering

The engineers role in development To take part in value-added activities To have a high degree of professional education with a just sense of ethics and professionalism To maintain high standards at all times in engineering practices To be aware of environmental and safety issues for sustainable development To consider all technological options in order to find better or optimal alternatives for the nation

Engineers role in development

Key areas
The information technology sector The telecommunications sector The manufacturing sector The energy sector The human resources sector

1.1 The role of engineering (Software Engineering) Issues of Professional Responsibility

Confidentiality, Competence, Intellectual property rights, Computer misuse.

Code of Ethics Eight Principles

Public, Client and Employer, Product, Judgment, Management, Profession, Colleagues, Self

ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice

See http://www.acm.org/about/se-code There is a short and long version of the code of ethics The Preamble explains the purpose of these two versions, the commitment of software engineers to make their discipline a respected profession, and to adhere to the eight principles for the health, safety, and welfare of the public.

Issues of Professional Responsibility

Confidentiality
Always respect confidentiality of employers or clients, even when there is no formal confidentiality agreement

Competence
Never misrepresent ones level of competence. Never accept work beyond ones level of competence

Issues of Professional Responsibility

Intellectual property rights
Ensure that the intellectual property of employers and clients is protected Be aware of local laws governing use of intellectual property such as patents and copyright

Computer misuse
Never use technical skills to misuse other peoples computers

Code of Ethics Eight Principles

Public:
Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest.

Client and Employer:

Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer consistent with the public interest.

Product:
Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible.

Code of Ethics Eight Principles

Judgment:
Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment.

Management:
Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance.

Code of Ethics Eight Principles

Profession:
Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest.

Colleagues:
Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.

Self:
Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession.

1.2 The employment structure

1.2.1 The roles of engineer, supervisor and technician (Assignment) 1.2.2 Job mobility and employability skills (Assignment)

1.2.1 The roles of engineer, supervisor and technician

(Assignment)

1.2.2 Job mobility and employability skills (Assignment)

1.3 Professional bodies

(Routes to an engineering professional) Six steps are typically required to become a registered professional engineer
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Graduate from an university engineering curriculum (4-year) . Pass the fundamentals exam (FE) or (EIT) engineer in training exam in their last term or after graduation. Complete a minimum of four years of engineering practice Obtain letters of references and approval to take PPE Pass the Professional Exam (PE) or the Principals and Practice Exam (PPE) Apply to individual states for professional license.

Routes to an engineering professional

A professional engineer normally be graduated in engineering (BE in -Civil, Mechanical. Electrical, Engineering) To become a professional engineer, the engineer must register with the Board of Engineers Malaysia upon their graduation Must have a suitable working experience including design, tender documentation, installation, construction, supervision, testing, and commissioning, maintenance, liaison with respective authorities (TNB, Telecom, Water, Waste Department etc)

 Professional Engineer Practical Training Experiences 3 years experiences. Practical experiences in:
Planning, design, execution, and management of such work as comprised within the profession of engineering In engineering research In the teaching in a course leading to a qualification in engineering research or in the teaching in a course leading to a qualification approved by the board, and at least one year of such practical experience shall be obtained in Malaysia under supervision of a registered professional engineer of the same discipline or an approved allied discipline and shall be in fields of engineering practice other than in research or teaching Where there is no Professional Engineer of the same or allied discipline as the candidate in the organization in which the candidate is working, he may seek the approval from BEM to obtain Professional Engineer from outside his organization to supervise his training

 Professional Assessment Examinations (PAE): interviews and essays writing (assess the practical experience of the candidate and understanding of the application of the engineering principles to the solution of problems, operation or maintenance of engineering works or the subject of research and the ability to communicate Main content of Professional Assessment Examination
Professional Interview written paper on practical experience written paper on Code of Professional Conduct any other examination

In the professional interview, the practical experience of the candidate will be assessed by the Examiners both on time and quality basis.
-The Examiners shall test the candidate during the interview on the following

aspects:
a) Understanding of the application of engineering principles to the solution of problems arising from the investigation, planning, design, construction, operation or maintenance of engineering works; or on the subject of his research; and b) The ability to communicate. -The candidate is required to write two essays, one each from section A and section

B.
a) Section A is for an essay related to the candidate's training and experience as stated in his report. b) Essay for section B will be on the code of ethics. c) The candidate will be required to choose one out of two questions from section A. The candidate is also required to answer a question from two alternative questions selected by the examiners on code of professional conduct (Section B). d)1 1/2 hours will be allowed for each written paper. e) The essays are intended primarily to test the candidate's ability to marshal his knowledge and thoughts and to express them in words in a clear and concise manner.

Function of BEM
To keep and maintain the registrar To determine and regulate the conduct and ethics of the engineering profession Graduate engineers that registered after 1st January 2008 have to attend courses conducted by the board, with continuing education courses and be involved in professional development programmes

Professional Career Development and Training

Aim to developed skilled awareness, management, responsibility, teamwork and the combination of logical approach in its training Engineers should be working on real projects and be given increasing responsibility of their own work, to stimulate the interest and establish their confidence

Professional Career Development And Training

 Course provided by BEM are

Professional Development Programs Continuing Professional Development course.

Professional Development Programs

Continuing Professional Development course

The course name is Continuing Professional Development course. CPD is the planned acquisition of knowledge, experience and skill of personal qualities necessary for the execution of professional duties throughout the working life, which encompass both technical and non-technical subject areas. Engineering provides an ever changing spectrum of challenges and opportunities. It is extremely vital that all engineers be committed to their own Continuing Professional Development (CPD) so that they could face these challenges and at the same time take advantage of opportunities that may arise.

 Several characteristics of students that might have an interest in engineering are:

Proficient skills in math and physical science An urging from a high school counselor Knows someone who is an engineer Knows that engineering offers literally dozens, if not hundreds of job opportunities Is aware that a degree in engineering is quite lucrative

What Do Engineers Do?

Ways to get information about careers:
Visit job fairs Attend seminars on campus by various employers Contact faculty with knowledge of engineering fields Get an intern or co-op position Enroll in an engineering elective course

Selected professional bodies

Malaysia: Board of Engineers Malaysia (Assignment) Engineers Australia, Engineers Ireland Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers France: Commission des Titres d'Ingnieur Germany: ASIIN Hong Kong Institution of Engineers Japan: Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education Korea: Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea Mexico: Council of Accreditation of the Education of Engineering New Zealand: Institution of Professional Engineers of New Zealand Singapore: Institution of Engineers Singapore South Africa: Engineering Council of South Africa United Kingdom: Engineering Council United Kingdom United States: ABET

1.4 Engineering and organization

1.4.1 Engineer as a manager, leader and consultant 1.4.2 The rules and contributions of engineers in R&D 1.4.3 Engineers in private agencies and corporate sectors

(Assignment)