VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Technical Seminar On

IRIS BASED RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING WAVELET TRANSFORM

by DECHAMMA I A(4VP07EC011) VIII sem,EC

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IS FINGER PRINTING STRONG ENOUGH??

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IS VOICE RECOGNITION RELIABLE??

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IS DNA THE ULTIMATE??

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IS FACE RECOGNITION REALLY ROBUST??

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REAL AUTHENTICITY LIES IN

YOUR EYES..

IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEM

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VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Technical Seminar On IRIS BASED RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING WAVELET TRANSFORM by DECHAMMA I A(4VP07EC011) VIII sem,EC

IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEM

March 23, 2011

OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION

Biometric System
Why IRIS? Block Diagram Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion Reference
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Biometric System
Security field uses three different types of authentication

Something you know - password, PIN Something you have - smart card, token(secure ID card) Something you are - biometric

A biometric system provides an automatic recognition of an individual based on some sort of unique feature or characteristic possessed by the individual.

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CATEGORIES OF BIOMETRICS
PHYSICAL BIOMETRICS 1) Iris Recognition 2) Retina Recognition 3) Fingerprint Recognition 4) Face Recognition 5) Hand Scan 6) Finger Scan BEHAVIORAL BIOMETRICS 1) Signature Recognition 2) Voice Recognition 3) Typing Recognition

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WHAT IS AN IRIS?

Coloured part of the eye

Contains delicate patterns Texture is unique to a person

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Why IRIS?
Its suitability as an exceptionally accurate biometric derives from its extremely data-rich physical structure genetic independence no two eyes are the same patterns apparently stable throughout life Highly protected by internal organ of the eye

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Anatomy of the Human Eye

Eye = Camera Cornea bends, refracts, and focuses light. Retina = Film for image projection (converts image into electrical signals). Optical nerve transmits signals to the brain.

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Individuality of Iris

Left and right eye irises have distinctive pattern.

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IRIS RECOGNITION?
Most accurate biometric method
Uses pattern recognition techniques Completely Non-Invasive

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Iris Recognition System

Normalization Feature Extraction by Haar Wavelet

Iris code

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WORKING
Image Acqisition Iris Localization Iris Normalization Feature Extraction Matching

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I. Image Acquisition
Why important?

One of the major challenges of automated iris recognition is to capture a high-quality image of the iris.
Concerns on the image acquisition rigs

Obtain images with sufficient resolution and sharpness

Good contrast in the iris pattern with proper illumination Well centered without unduly constraining the operator

Artifacts eliminated as much as possible

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Image Acquisition Device

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II. Iris Localization

Purpose: To isolate the actual iris region in a digital

eye.

Iris can be approximated by two circles, One for

iris/sclera boundary and another for iris/pupil boundary.
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How localization is done?

Pupil & Iris detection: Circular Hough Transform xc^2 + yc^2 r^2 = 0

xc & yc are centre coordinates of pupil r is radius of pupil

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III. Normalization

r
0 1

Rubber Sheet Model

Each pixel (x,y) is mapped into pair of polar coordinates (r, ). Where R is on interval (0,1) is angle (0,2pi)

Circular band is divided into 8 subbands of equal thickness for a given angle . Subbands are sampled uniformly in and in r.

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III. Feature Extraction

WAVELET ENCODING: Wavelet can be used to decompose the data in the iris

region into components that appear at different resolution. A number of wavelet filters is applied to 2D iris region, one for each resolution with each wavelet a scaled version of some basic function. Output of applying wavelets (Haar Wavelet) is then encoded to provide iris pattern.

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HAAR WAVELET
Wavelet Transform breaks an image down into four subimages.

Haar Wavelet
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Haar Transform
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APPROACH:
Mapped image of size 100 x 402 pixels is decomposed to a max

of 5 levels
Levels are cd1 to cd5 in vertical, horizontal and diagonal

directions
Finally we get combinations of six matrices
Cd4(h) & Cd5(h) Cd4(v) & Cd5(v) Cd4(d) & Cd5(d)

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APPROACH:
These matrices are combined to build one single vector called

Feature Vector.

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Binary Coding Scheme:

To obtain vector in binary code.

Let Coef be Feature Vector of an image than the following

Quantization scheme coverts it to its code-word:

o o

If Coef(i) >= 0 then Coef(i)=1 If Coef(i) < 0 then Coef(i)=0

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IV. Pattern Matching

For matching, the Hamming distance was chosen as a metric for

recognition. The Daugman system computes the Hamming distance. The hamming distance between iris code X and Y is given by:

The decision whether two images belong to same person depends

on the following result:

If HD <= 0.32 decide that it is same person

If HD > 0.32 decide that it is different person
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An illustration of the shifting process. One shift is defined as one shift left, and one shift right of a reference template. In this example one filter is used to encode the templates, so only two bits are moved during a shift. The lowest Hamming distance, in this case zero, is then used since this corresponds to the best match between the two templates.
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Graphical User Interface

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Advantages:
Result is 99.9% accurate. externally visible, so noninvasive patterns imaged from a

distance.
Iris patterns possess a high degree of randomness . Patterns apparently stable throughout life. extremely data-rich physical structure. It is a living password.

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DISADVANTAGES:
Small target (1 cm) to acquire from a distance (1 m) Cannot be applied to blind with impaired iris Colored glasses must be avoided Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections

Deforms non-elastically as pupil changes size

Illumination should not be visible or bright

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APPLICATIONS:
Automatic Teller Machines(ATMs). Tracking Prisoner Movement. Computer login. Premises access control. Personal certificates Forensics. Internet security.

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Conclusion:

Proven to be the most accurate and versatile

security measure. No room for human error

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Reference:
J. Daugman, High confidence recognition of persons by test of statistical independence, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 15 (11) (1993) 1148 1161. Jafar M.H.Ali and Aboul Ella Hassanien,An Iris recognition system to enhance E-security environment based on wavelet Theory,AMO Journal,Volume 2 Daugman.J,How iris recognition works, IEEE trans Trans. On circuits and systems for video technolgy,vol.11.

www.wikipedia.org/iris regognition.html

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