Objectives
Discover/refresh your knowledge of
cognitive theory.
In work groups, identify at least one
Learning Theories
Cognitivism
Info Processing
Behaviorism
Dual Coding
Constructivism
Behaviorist Principles
Shaping behavior: almost any behavior
can be created with contingent rewards Schedules for reward: rewards create and maintain behavior Law of effect: rewarded behaviors likely to reoccur Law of exercise: behaviors following a stimulus are likely to continue without reward
Rote
Teacher-centered Task at hand
Teacher Goal:
MATH
9s
Behaviorism
(Before Cognitivism)
Mind as a blank box Mind as an empty container
Cognitivism
Value cumulative knowledge
Look for patterns Construct relationships
Teacher Goal:
READING
2002 Constance Ridley Smith
Knowledge of Rules
Signal Words:
Cause and Effect Comparison Sequence
Learning is.
Connecting concepts:
The existing The new
Teacher Goal:
Teacher Goal:
Learning is.
Connecting concepts:
The existing The new
Source Unknown
Source Unknown
MOTOR SKILLS
Gage/Berliner
Katona
Organizing data
Knowing the relationship of
Wertheimer
Transferring pattern data learned to
new problems
Von Restorff
Change the look of data
Headings, Fonts, Bullets, Charts,
Tables
Memory Aids
Advance Organizers
Schema Effects
Transfer Interference
Dependent Effects
The Case for Multi-Sensory Learning. Students will remember: (source unknown)
90% of what is said as it is done by
50 Said as it's done Said by Learner Heard & Seen Seen Heard Read
100
the learner. 70% of what is said by the learner. 50% of what is heard and seen 30% of what is seen 20% of what is heard 10% of what is read