NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT????
CRUST LITHOSPHERE
UPPER MANTLE
LOWER MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE
GEOGRAPHICAL ACTIVITIES
WATER ON EARTH
On Earth, 96.5% - Oceans 1.7% 1.7% Groundwater Glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland
0.001% - in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air), and precipitation & a small fraction in other large water bodies Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, ponds and the atmosphere.
ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the
planetary ecosystem. It is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% - Nitrogen 21% - Oxygen 1% - Argon and other inert gases such as carbon dioxide.
Atmospheric layers
Earth's atmosphere can be divided into five main layers: 1. Exosphere: The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere extends from the exobase upward, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.
2. Thermosphere: Its height varies with solar activity and ranges from about
350800 km (220500 mi; 1,100,0002,600,000 ft). The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between 320 and 380 km (200 and 240 mi).
3. Mesosphere: The mesosphere extends from the stratopause to 8085 km (5053 mi; 260,000280,000 ft).
51 km (32 mi; 170,000 ft). The stratopause, which is the boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere, typically is at 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 160,000 to 180,000 ft).
5. Troposphere: The troposphere begins at the surface and extends to
between 7 km (23,000 ft) at the poles and 17 km (56,000 ft) at the equator, with some variation due to weather. The tropopause is the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere.
OTHER LAYERS
1.Ozone layer 2.Ionosphere 3.Homosphere & Heterosphere 4.Planetary boundary layer
CLIMATE
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorological elements in a given region over long periods of time.
LIFE
Ecosystems
An ecosystem(also called as environment) is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and microorganisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment . Biological diversity Human ecosystems Wilderness
Biogeochemical cycles :
Water cycle Oxygen cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle
GLOBAL WARMING
Spread of disease
Economic consequences
Destructive storms
Death by smog
Desertification
Tsunamis
Cold Waves
Loss of biodiversity
Animal attacks
Climate Change Conservation Energy Environmental Degradation Environmental Health Genetic Engineering Intensive Farming
Mega Projects
Land Degradation
Soil Land Use Nanotechnology Nuclear Issues Overpopulation Ozone Depletion Pollution