under the guidance Of

Ms.Y.Harshalatha
Asst. proffesor,Dept. of E&C SIT,Tumkur

Presented By:
Ambuj Kumar 1SI08EC011 Chirag Gupta 1SI08EC031 Navneet Ranjan 1SI08EC069 Neeraj Kumar 1SI08EC070

Objective Modeling of Noise Effects of noise on an image Concepts of random process Basic Degradation model Filtering Techniques used

a)Spatial domain filtering b) Frequency domain filtering

MATLAB implementation Processor implementation Conclusion

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Objective of restoration
To improve the quality of a digital image which has been degraded

Various phenomena which degrade the image

Motion Improper focusing of Camera during image acquisition. Atmospheric turbulence Noise

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Noise is defined as any degradation in an Image caused by external disturbance. The different types of noise effecting an image are given below

Salt and pepper noise Gaussian noise Speckle noise Shot noise Film grain noise Quantization noise

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Original image

Image with Salt & pepper

Image with Gaussian noise

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Original

With Gaussian noise

After noise removal

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Impulse Noise Reduction

Use nonlinear spatial filtering to remove impulsive noise without reducing resolution

Original

With impulse noise

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After noise removal

Any type of noise can be modeled by a Random process. The basic concepts of Random process are as discussed below

Random variable, its PDF and CDF Random process, its joint PDF and CDF Concepts of stationarity WSS process Strict sense stationarity

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Fig. 3.1 Common image acquisition system (Courtesy: S. C. Park et. al.[4])

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Spatial filtering requires following steps

position the mask over the current pixel. form all products of filter elements. add up all the products. This must be repeated for every pixel in the image.

Basic restoration filters in spatial domain can be broadly categories as below

Mean filters Order-static filters

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What do frequencies mean in an image?

High frequencies corresponds to pixel value that change rapidly across the image Strong low frequencies corresponds to large scale features in the image

Since noise is a high frequency signal we can use low pass filters to remove noise.

The basic low pass filters are as follows

Ideal low pass filter Gaussian low pass filter Butter worth low pass filter

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Fourier Transform
Preprocessing

Filter function H (u, v)

Inverse Fourier Transform

PostProcessing

f(x, y)

g(x, y)

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