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HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT Growing competition and complexity of managing large business organisations gave a push to the development of management concepts and principles. This led to the emergence of a variety of orientations or approaches in management.
DEFINITIONS OF MANAGEMENT
PRODUCTION ORIENTED DECISION ORIENTED PEOPLE ORIENTED FUNCTION ORIENTED
TAYLOR : Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way
Vance : Management is simply the process of decision-making and control over the action of humanbeings for the expressed purpose of attaining pre-determined goals.
:Management is achievement of results through the efforts of other people Koontz : It is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups
Farland :Management is a process by which managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organisations through systematic, coordinated, cooperative human efforts
FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT
Existence
of objectives Organised activities Relation among resources Working with and through people Decision making
EXISTANCE OF OBJECTIVE: An objective or set of objectives should exist towards which the organised group activities are directed. The existence of objectives is a basic criterion of every human organisation. The organisational objectives are the desired state of affairs which an organisation attempts to realise. This realisation of objectives is sought through the coordinated efforts of the people constituting an organisation.
ORGANISED ACTIVITIES:
All organisations have one thing in common; they want to progress efficiently towards the achievement of their objectives, through coordinated efforts of people. This is done by management process. Management is a process of organised activities.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG RESOURCES: Organized activities meant to achieve common goals are brought about to establish certain relationships among the available resources. Resources include money, machine, materials and people. All these resources are made available to those who manage for getting desired results. Thus , the essence of management is integration of varoius organisational resources.
WORKING WITH AND THROUGH PEOPLE: Management involves working with people and getting organizational objectives achieved through them. The idea of working through people is interpreted in terms of assigning activities.
DECISION MAKING:
Management process involves decision making at various levels for getting thing done by others. Decision making basically involves selecting appropriate alternatives out of several.
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, achieve their aims effectively and efficiently.