2: Comparison chart NH 3
What we have
1.176 1.176/0.937 = 1.25 mol 4 4/5 = 0.8 mol
What we need
*Choose the smallest value to divide each by ** You should have 1 mol in the same column twice in order to make a comparison A - There is more NH3 (what we have) than needed (what we need). Thus NH3 is in excess, and O2 is the limiting reagent.
Practice questions
1. 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 If 25 g of aluminum was added to 90 g of HCl, what mass of H2 will be produced (try this two ways with a chart & using the shortcut)? 2. N2 + 3H2 2NH3: If you have 20 g of N2 and 5.0 g of H2, which is the limiting reagent? 3. What mass of aluminum oxide is formed when 10.0 g of Al is burned in 20.0 g of O2? 4. When C3H8 burns in oxygen, CO2 and H2O are produced. If 15.0 g of C3H8 reacts with 60.0 g of O2, how much CO2 is produced? 5. How can you tell if a question is a limiting reagent question vs. typical stoichiometry?
# mol Al = 25 g Al x 1 mol Al = 0.926 mol 27.0 g Al # mol HCl = 90 g HCl x 1 mol HCl = 2.466 mol 36.5 g HCl What we have Al 0.926 0.926/0.926 = 1 mol 2 2/2 = 1 mol HCl 2.466 2.466/0.926 HCl is limiting. = 2.7 mol 6 6/2 = 3 mol
What we need
# g H2 = 1 mol HCl 3 mol H2 2.0 g H2 90 g HCl x x x = 2.47 g H2 36.5 g HCl 6 mol HCl 1 mol H2
Question 1: shortcut
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 If 25 g aluminum was added to 90 g HCl, what mass of H2 will be produced? # g H2= 25 g Al x 1 mol Al x 3 mol H2 x 2.0 g H2 = 2.78 g H2 27.0 g Al 2 mol Al 1 mol H2 # g H2 = 90 g HCl x1 mol HClx 3 mol H2 x 2.0 g H2 = 2.47 g H2 36.5 g HCl 6 mol HCl 1 mol H2
Question 2: shortcut
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 If you have 20 g of N2 and 5.0 g of H2, which is the limiting reagent? # g NH3= 20 g N2 x1 mol N2x 2 mol NH3 x17.0 g NH3= 24.3 g H2 28.0 g N2 1 mol N2 1 mol NH3 # g NH3 = 17.0 g NH3 5.0 g H2 x 1 mol H2 x 2 mol NH3 x = 28.3 g H2 2.0 g H2 3 mol H2 1 mol NH3 N2 is the limiting reagent
Question 3: shortcut
4Al + 3O2 2 Al2O3 What mass of aluminum oxide is formed when 10.0 g of Al is burned in 20.0 g of O2? # g Al2O3= 102.0 g Al2O3 10.0 g Al x 1 mol Al x 2 mol Al2O3 x = 18.9 g Al2O3 1 mol H2 27.0 g Al 4 mol Al # g Al2O3= 102.0 g Al2O3 = 42.5 g Al O 20.0 g O2x 1 mol O2 x2 mol Al2O3x 2 3 32.0 g O2 3 mol O2 1 mol H2
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O When C3H8 burns in oxygen, CO2 and H2O are produced. If 15.0 g of C3H8 reacts with 60.0 g of O2, how much CO2 is produced? # g CO2= 15.0 g C3H8x1 mol C3H8 x 3 mol CO2x44.0 g CO2 = 45.0 g CO2 44.0 g C3H8 1 mol C3H8 1 mol CO2
# g CO2= 60.0 g O2x 1 mol O2 x 3 mol CO2 x 44.0 g CO2 = 49.5 g CO2 32.0 g O2 5 mol O2 1 mol CO2 5. Limiting reagent questions give values for two or more reagents (not just one)
Question 4: shortcut
Question 2
# mol N2= 20 g N2 x 1 mol N2 = 0.714 mol N2 28 g N2 # mol H2= 5.0 g H2 x 1 mol H2 = 2.5 mol H2 2 g H2 N2 H2 0.714 mol 2.5 mol What we have 0.714/0.714 2.5/0.714 = 1 mol = 3.5 mol What we need 1 mol 3 mol We have more H2 than what we need, thus H2 is in excess and N2 is the limiting factor.
4Al + 3O2 2 Al2O3 # mol Al = 10 g Al x 1 mol Al = 0.37 mol Al 27 g Al # mol O2 = 20 g O2 x 1 mol O2 = 0.625 mol O2 32 g O2 There is Al O2 more 0.37 mol 0.625 mol What we than 0.37/.37 0.625/0.37 have enough = 1 mol = 1.68 mol O2; Al is What we 4 mol 3 mol limiting need 4/4 = 1 mol 3/4 = 0.75 mol # g Al2O3 = 0.37 mol Al x 2 mol Al2O3 x 102 g Al2O3 4 mol Al 1 mol Al2O3 = 18.87 g Al O
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O # mol C3H8 =15 g C3H8 x 1 mol C3H8 = 0.34 mol C 3H 8 44 g C3H8 # mol O2 = 60 g O2 x 1 mol O2 = 1.875 mol O2 32 g O2 We have C 3H 8 O2 0.34 mol 1.875 mol more than What we 0.34/.34 1.875/0.34 enough O2, have C3H8 is = 1 mol = 5.5 mol limiting Need 1 mol 5 mol # g CO2 = 3 mol CO2 x 44 g CO2 0.34 mol C3H8 x 1 mol C3H8 1 mol CO2 = 45 g CO2
# g AgCl= 68 g AgNO3 x 1 mol AgNO3 x 2 mol AgCl x 143.3 g AgCl 169.88 g AgNO3 2 mol AgNO3 1 mol AgCl = 57.36 g AgCl