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Effect of Power System Harmonic on Degradation process of Transformer Insulation System

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Presented By

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outline

Introduction losses Insulation System

Transformer Transformer Effects

on non-sinusoidal voltages and currents

Conclusion References

Introduction
Transformer One

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is one of most important apparatus in power system operation of the phenomenon which affect to power transformer's operation is harmonic harmonic is driven by non linear load applied within power system

This

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INSULATION SYSTEM
Transformer

insulation system isolates the transformer winding from each other and between winding and ground to insulate the current carrying parts of the transformer from the magnetic iron and structural steel parts.

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Angle rings,caps and snouts

Characteristics

features

1.These are 100% sulphate pulp 2.Natural coloured 3.Made of pukaro transformer presspan 4.Good compatibility with liquid dielectrics 5. High purity and oil absorption

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insulation

paper/cellulose paper which has a function as insulation media inside transformer start experience ageing/degradation. Basically, there are three types of cellulose paper ageing: Hydrolysis Oxidation Pyrolysis

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HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolysis

happens when there is a presence of water which dissociates the acid, and acid itself as catalyst. molecular weight water-solubleacids that are formed by the paper ageing and to some degree also by the oil ageing, are more efficient than the larger hydrophobic acids. fact that acid catalyzed hydrolysis generates organic acids and at the

Low

The

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OXIDATION
Paper

oxidation happen when paper accessed by oxygen and accelerated by heat presence suggested to be catalyzed by hydroxyl radicals (HO.), radicals are produced by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 and of organic hydro peroxides (ROOH).

hydroxyl

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PYROLYSIS
Paper

degradation by pyrolysis is a process that can take place without access to water and/or oxygen, or any other agent to initiate the decomposition. normal operating or overload temperatures (i.e. <140C) such processes are considered to be of little relevance. high temperatures, which may occur

At

At

EFFECTS OF NON-SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGES & CURRENTS

The effects of the harmonic currents are
1.

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Additional copper losses due to harmonic currents Increased core losses Increased electro-magnetic interference with communication circuits.

2. 3.

HARMONIC LOAD CONTAIN ESTIMATION METHOD

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There are two methods of estimating harmonic load content:

The

Crest-factor (CF).

Harmonic

Factor or percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion (%THD).

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Crest-factor
Crest Factor is a measure of the peak value of the waveform compared to the true RMS value. The mathematical definition, of the crest factor is the ratio of the peak value of the waveform divided by the rms value of the waveform: Peak of waveform CF= _________________ Rms of waveform

percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion

The

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percentage of total harmonic distortion (%THD) can be defined in two different ways, as a percentage of the fundamental component or as a percentage of the rms.

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Where Vh, rms is the amplitude of the harmonic component of order h (i.e., the hth harmonic) and rms V is the rms values of all the harmonics) that can be represented as

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CONCLUSION
Harmonic

magnitude increase transformer losses and affect to transformer winding temperature. it will lead to cellulose paper insulation degradation since cellulose paper directly consumes heat from winding. load contents can be estimated by the two methods. They are-

And

Harmonic

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references
1.

N.R Jayasinghe, J.R Lucas, K.B.I.M. Perera Power System Harmonic Effects on Distribution Transformers and New Design Considerations for K Factor Transformers IEEE Sri Lanka Annual Sessions September 2003 Asaad A. Elmoudi Evaluation of power system harmonic effects on transformer 2006 I. Daut, H.S. Syafruddin, Rosnazri Ali,

2.

3.

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Thank you