What was the organism you hated the most with

experiments? What was the last lab that you conducted with them? What were the products of anaerobic respiration?

 What is special about this type of respiration?

Ever wonder why we breathe?

 Three stages

Glycolysis
Krebs cycle Electron transport chain reactions

Energy investment phase and splitting of glucose Two ATPs invested per glucose Glucose

2 ATP 3 step s 2 ADP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
P P

Glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde phosphate phosphate (G3P) (G3P) P P

Energy capture phase Four ATPs and two NADH produced per glucose P (G3P) NAD+ (G3P) NAD+ P

NADH 2 ADP 2 ATP

5 step s

NADH 2 ADP 2 ATP

Pyruvate

Pyruvate

Net yield per glucose: Two ATPs and two NADH

 1. The initial reaction is the energy requiring step (2

ATP) and then energy releasing steps produce 4 ATP. Therefore, a net yield of ATP is 2. Also this pathway does not require oxygen. 2. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 3. In this pathway, one glucose (6 carbon molecule) is broken down to produce two pyruvate molecules (3 carbon molecules).

 Can someone tell me what happens to pyruvate before

entering the Krebs cycle? A carbon is removed from each of the pyruvates by an enzyme. The two carbons removed become what is known as acetyl-CoA, by combining with a coenzyme From there we can now enter the next phase.

 What is the next step?

Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)

Where does this process take place?

 What do you remember about it?

It is the power house of the cell.

Why is it called that? Provides the energy for the cell.

So specifically what energy is being produced?

ATP Has inner membranes for chemical reactions to take

place. Cristae- finger like projections help increase the surface area for those reactions

CoA (Acetyl-CoA)

4-carbon molecule (Starting material) 6-carbon molecule

6-carbon molecule NADH CO2 4-carbon molecule ATP 5-carbon molecule NADH CO2

4-carbon molecule (Starting material) NADH FADH2 4-carbon molecule

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

09.11 Krebs Cycle Overview Slide number: 2

1 CoA (Acetyl-CoA)

4-carbon molecule (Starting material) 6-carbon molecule

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

09.11 Krebs Cycle Overview Slide number: 3

CoA (Acetyl-CoA)

4-carbon molecule (Starting material) 6-carbon molecule

6-carbon molecule NADH CO2

4-carbon molecule
ATP

5-carbon molecule
NADH CO2

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

09.11 Krebs Cycle Overview Slide number: 4

CoA (Acetyl-CoA)

4-carbon molecule (Starting material) 6-carbon molecule

6-carbon molecule NADH CO2 4-carbon molecule ATP 5-carbon molecule NADH CO2

4-carbon molecule (Starting material) NADH FADH2 4-carbon molecule

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

 Performed in the mitochondria

Through 1 cycle get 1 ATP molecule, 3 NADH molecules

and 1 FADH2 Since there are 2 Acetyl CoA molecules that enter we need to multiple each yield by 2 2 ATP molecules, 6NADH molecules, and 2 FADH2 So now that we have completed three parts of aerobic respiration. How many total ATP has been produced Net total of 4 ATP

Cytosol Outer mitochondrial membrane Intermembrane space

Inner mitochondrial membrane Matrix of mitochondrion

Complex I

Complex Complex III II

Complex IV

Complex V: ATP synthase

(a)

 The folds of the inner membrane, known as the

cristae, are where the electron transport chain is located. The cristae provides for added surface area for reactions to occur. From the Krebs cycle where the products of NADH and FADH2 produced are then feed into the electron transport chain to provide energy to produce ATP.

Substrate-level phosphorylation 2 ATP

Glycolysis Glucose 2 NADH

Oxidative phosphorylation 46 ATP

Pyruvate

Acetyl coenzyme A

2 NADH

ATP

ATP

Citric acid cycle

6 NADH

18

ATP

2 FADH2

ATP

Electron transport and chemiosmosis

32 - 34 Total ATP from oxidative phosphorylation

ATP