All Buildings have some form of mechanical and electrical services in order to provide the facilities necessary for

maintaining a comfortable working environment. These services have to be controlled by some means to ensure comfort conditions. Basic controls take the form of manual switching, time clocks or temperature switches. Here if Building Management System (BMS), is introduced, we are able to get a comfortable working environment in an efficient way.
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A Building Management System (BMS) is a computer-based control system installed in buildings that controls and monitors the buildings mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power systems, fire systems, and security systems.

With the usage of various building automation techniques the energy efficiency is possible . With the help of occupancy sensors provided in various areas of the building, the service plants can be brought into operation only when needed and also to the optimum, thereby leading to huge energy savings .

Life safety factors involved in Buildings are:

CLOSE CIRCUIT -TELEVISION CARD ACCESS CONTROL SMOKE DETECTION FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM PASSIVE INFRARED OCCUPANCY SENSORS (PIR) UPS

CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISIONS AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific, limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point wireless links. CCTV is often used for surveillance in areas, which need security, such as banks, casinos, airports etc. Modern CCTV cameras use small high definition color cameras that can not only focus to resolve minute detail, but by linking the control of the cameras to a computer, objects can be tracked automatically.

Fig:-CCTV (source:http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=clo sed+circuit+television&um=1&hl=en& tbm)

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 ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM Controlling access to any premise is of vital importance at present, whether it is a high security area such as a Hospital, Airport, Bank, or any common building such as an Insurance Office, School, or Department store. systems provide encryption and authentication to enable tamper-proof communications between controllers and workstations

Access Control

SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM Smoke is often the first sign that the fire occurring, therefore an automatic detection system based on smoke detectors is a valuable tool in the early detection of fire. Smoke detectors are commonly classified by their mode of operation. Ionization Smoke Detector: Ionization detectors have an ionization chamber and a source of ionizing radiation.

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consists of two plates separated by about a centimeter. One is positively charged and the other negatively charged. The positively-charged oxygen and nitrogen atoms are attracted to the negative plate and the electrons are attracted to the positive plate, generating a small, continuous electric current. When smoke enters the ionization chamber, the smoke particles attach to the ions and neutralize them, so they do not reach the plate. The drop in current between the plates triggers the alarm.
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Photoelectric Smoke Detectors:

There is a T-shaped chamber with a LED .

A photocell, positioned at the bottom of the vertical base of the T, generates a current.
When smoke is present, the light is scattered by smoke particles, and some of the light is directed down the vertical part of the T to strike the photocell. When sufficient light hits the cell, the current triggers the alarm.
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Fig:-Smoke Detector (source:http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=smoke +detector&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid )

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FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM: What are fire sprinklers: Sprinkler systems are made up of a network of pipes in the walls and ceilings that have sprinkler heads providing protection to hallways, rooms, stairways and other areas of a building. In most systems, the pipes are always filled with water, under pressure and the system is ready to do its job of putting out a fire quickly! How do sprinklers work: generally located at the ceiling level of a building. They are equipped with a fusible link that melts when the heat given off by a fire heats the sprinkler.

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When the sprinkler opens, water flows out in a spray pattern.

Fig:- Fire Sprinkler (source:http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=fire+sprinkler&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm) 15

It is difficult to get an optimum working environment only through design for the whole year. Mechanical fans, desert coolers, air-conditioners etc. supplement the indoor comfort to a great extent. But all these are operated and controlled manually in general. At the same time some artificial intelligent systems like Occupancy Sensors, Temperature Sensors etc. can be used to sense the temperature increase and the presence of occupants to decide comfort level required to achieve the optimum conditions.
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Passive-infrared sensors detect the heat emitted by animate forms. Because all living things emit heat, a system of recording measurable changes in a specific area provides a means of detecting unauthorized intrusions. When the unit registers changes in temperature in its area of detection, it relays the information to a processor which measures the change according to detection parameters. If the change falls outside the parameters, the processor sends a signal to the unit's alarm.
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With the help of a light dimming device its possible to control the intensity of lights especially when its requirement becomes less. . This can be made possible by suitably integrating the lighting systems with the BMS through sensors by which it is also possible to turn off the lights automatically when its not needed. Hence there is the economy in using the building.

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An uninterruptible power supply, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source fails. It will provide instantaneous or near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions. Battery runtime of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short 515 minutes being typical for smaller unitsbut sufficient to allow time to bring an auxiliary power source on line, or to properly shut down the protected equipment. Used to protect computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment
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Fig:-UPS (Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply)

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BMS AND BENIFITS

General
BMS improves quality of built environment, efficiency of workstations, while allowing great savings in energy consumption

Security and Life safety systems

With the introduction of the various security and life safety systems like Smart Access control, Smoke detector, Fire alarm and Fire sprinkler, the environment can be made much easy and fear free to work with .

Mechanical systems
Provide an acceptable level of temperature and humidityansafe guard against odours and indoor air pollutants. Create a sense of habitability through air movement, ventilation and slight temperature variation. Allow the occupant to control and modify conditions to suit individual preferences.
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In this 21st century with the advent of the various artificial intelligent systems the work places became very cozy to work with. It has changed the entire working environment leading to the increased out put and also reducing the running cost to a certain extent. As it gives optimum thermal & lighting efficiency it will cut down the electricity bills. But any how today the cost of such equipments to make a building artificially intelligent is a costly means. With the increase in demand of such systems the cost of these will become affordable as more and more builders will be using such systems in future.
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Book references:
1. Mervi Himanen, VTT Building and Transport 2003,The Intelligence of Intelligent building, Thesis. VTT Technical research center, Finland, ESPOO 2003 2. Robert A. Lopez-Anido and Tarun R. Naik, American Society of Civil Engineers, page1, Smart Materials, Emerging Materials for Civil Infrastructure, ASCE, Virginia. 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_management_system 4. http://www.spectralservices.net/services_ibms.html

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Thank you.

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