Face Recognition

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FACE RECOGNITION

MATCH!

Sangeetha:4SO10MCA39 Roofi Nafeesa:4SO10MCA37

Face Recognition

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CONTENTS

Introduction

History Biometrics Face

Authentication and Results

Drawbacks Tests

Conclusion

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Introduction

Face recognition is a computer based security system capable of automatically verifying or identifying a person. Biometrics identifies or verifies a person based on individuals physical characteristics by matching the real time patterns against the enrolled ones.

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History
The

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first attempts to do this began in the 1960s with a semi-automated system. The first attempts to do this began in the 1960s with a semiautomated system. In 1970s Goldstein, Harmon and Lesk created a system of 21 subjective markers such as hair color and lip thickness. 1988, when Kirby and Sirovich 42 used a standard linear algebra

In

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Biometrics

Biometric consists of several authentication techniques based on unique physical characteristics such as face, fingerprints, iris, hand geometry, retina, and voice. Biometric Technologies fill the role of analyzing and measuring unique biological properties in order to produce unique identifications which is then digitalized and stored

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Biometrics can be divided into two main classes

Physiological biometrics -related to the shape of the body Behavioral biometrics -related to the behavior of a person.

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Physiological biometrics is related to the shape of the body

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Facial recognition technologies have recently developed into two areas Facial metric Eigen faces.

q q

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Finger-scan

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A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of the finger. A friction ridge is a raised portion of the on the palmar(palm)or digits (fingers and toes) or plantar (sole) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin.

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Iris-scan
This recognition method uses the iris of the eye which is colored area that surrounds the pupil. Iris patterns are unique and are obtained through video based image acquisition system.

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Retina-scan:
It is based on the blood vessel pattern in the retina of the eye as the blood vessels at the back of the eye have a unique pattern, from eye to eye and person to person.

Fig: Image of Retina

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Hand-scan:
These techniques include the estimation of length, width, thickness and surface area of the hand. Various method are used to measure the hands- Mechanical or optical principle.

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Behavioral biometrics is related to the behavior of a person.

Voice is also physiological trait because every person has different pitch, but voice recognition is mainly based on the study of the way a person speaks.

Voice-scan:
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Signature-scan:

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The signature dynamics recognition is based on the dynamics of making the signature, rather than a direct comparison of the signature itself afterwards. There are various kinds of devices used to capture the signature dynamics traditional tablets or special purpose devices.

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Access Control System using Face Recognition

Face recognition applications are more
and more being taken interest in and developed They are non-intrusive. Biometric data of the faces (photos, videos) can be easily taken with available devices like cameras. One biometric data is used in many different environments. And facial recognition sounds rather 1513 interesting in comparison with other

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Challenges
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involved
frontal, 45 degree,

out-of-Plane Rotation: profile, upside down Facial Expressions

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Presence of beard, mustache, glasses etc Occlusions by long hair, hand In-Plane Rotation Image conditions:

Size condition
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Lighting

Distortion

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Lighting variation Orientation variation (face angle) Size variation Large database Processor intensive Time requirements

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FACE AUTHENTICATION

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MODEL

Face Capture devices

Image digital proces sing

Face dete ction

Face databas e

ID

Access Control System Based on Face Authentication 1916 Model

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Algorithms in Use

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Face Recognition Model

Face image

Face detection

Feature extractio n

Feature match

Face id

Face Recognition Processing Flow

Databas e of enrolled users

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Face recognition model contd

Face Detection Feature Extraction Feature Match

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Face Recognition Algorithm

Geometric feature-based approach

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Based on the geometric characteristics of faces Parts of human faces such as eyes, nose, and mouth are located together with their attributes Distinguish faces based on information. This approach is quite effective for small database, with steady lighting and viewpoint.
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Disadvantages:

Not effective for unstable lighting condition and changing viewpoint. The scanning technology is not yet reliable. The information extracted is not enough for an information-rich organ like face.

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Geometric feature-based approach

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Appearance-based approach

Based on human appearance.. Transforms the face space into subspaces Fewer dimensions Principal Component Analysis (PCA) KLT Karhunen- Love Transform.

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Eigenface Algorithm

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Eigenfaces Initialization
1.Acquire an initial set of face images

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2.Calculate the eigen faces from the training set, keeping only the M images that correspond to the highest eigenvalues. These M images define the face space. As new faces are experienced, the eigen faces can be updated or recalculated

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3.

Calculate the corresponding distribution in Mdimensional weight space for each known individual, by projecting their face images onto the face space.

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Eigenfaces Recognition
1.

Calculate a set of weights based on the input image and the M eigenfaces by projecting the input image onto each of the eigenfaces. Determine if the image is a face at all by checking to see if the image is sufficiently close to face space.

3.

If it is a face, classify the weight pattern as either a known person or as unknown. (Optional) Update the eigenfaces and/or weight patterns.

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2.

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Parameter Based Facial recognition:

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Facial image is analyzed and reduced to small set of parameters describing prominent facial features Major features analyzed are: eyes, nose, mouth and cheekbone curvature These features are then matched to a database Advantage: recognition task is not very expensive Disadvantage: the image processing required is very expensive and parameter selection3428

Template Based Facial Recognition

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Salient regions of the facial image are extracted These regions are then compared on a pixelby-pixel basis with an image in the database Advantage is that the image preprocessing is simpler Disadvantage is the database search and comparison is very expensive

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Other approach

Local Features Analysis (LFA) method. Gabor wavelet-based features method. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method.

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Three-dimensional face recognition(3D face recognition)

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Three-dimensional geometry of the human face is used. Higher accuracy than their 2D counterparts angles images from different from a common 3731

Multiple

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Lenovo Asus Toshiba

Lenovo Veriface III

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Asus SmartLogin

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DRAWBACKS

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The security threat posed to Lenovos Asuss Toshibas products, based on the basis face recognition algorithms and the tests performed on them: Face Recognition in comparison with other biometric recognition systems. Influences of varied lighting Influences of image capturing devices Influences of Image Processing
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Table 1: State of art of biometric recognition systems

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Biometric recognition systems

Finger Print Technology Face Recognition Technology Iris Technology Hand Geometry Technique Retina Geometry Speaker Recognition Technique (voice) Signature Verification Technique

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BYPASS MODEL

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FAKE FACE

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How to get a targets image

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Fake Face Bruteforce

There are several things to concern about in image editing so as the Brute Force to be successful, including:
The images viewpoint. vLighting effect.
v

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TESTS AND RESULTS

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2)

Asus SmartLogon V1.0.0005

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1)

Lenovo Veriface III

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3) Toshiba Face Recognition 2.0.2.32

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RESULT ESTIMATION

Table 2:results of the tests on the Bypass Model

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CONCLUSION
The weak points that might allow one to bypass into the systems of the three big computer manufacturers Lenovo Asus Toshiba is to give sufficient evidences that the authentication technologies being used by these three manufacturers are not efficient and secure enough as they are prone to be bypassed putting users data at serious risk.

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Thank You

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Questions??

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