Flight Simulation

Simulation & modeling

BY M11R : RAZIIN

SAEFULLAH
NAJAH NAWAL

What is flight simulation?

Flight simulator Flight simulation qer A flight simulator is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft flight and various aspects of the flight environment.[citation needed] This includes the equations that govern how aircraft fly, how they react to applications of their controls and other aircraft systems, and how they react to external environmental factors such as air density, turbulence, cloud, precipitation, etc. Flight simulation is used for a variety of reasons, including flight training (mainly of pilots), the design and development of the aircraft itself, and research into aircraft characteristics and control handling qualities.[citation needed] Depending on their purpose, flight simulations employ various types of hardware, modeling detail and realism. They can range from PC laptop-based models of aircraft systems to simple replica cockpits for familiarisation purposes to more complex cockpit simulations with some working controls and systems to highly detailed cockpit replications with all controls and aircraft systems and wide-field outside-world visual systems, all mounted on six degrees-offreedom (DOF) motion platforms which move in response to pilot control movements and external aerodynamic factors.[citation needed]

The Game PC
The "Game PC" runs the Microsoft Flight Simulator and interfacing software to drive the "Cockpit interface", the "Cockpit" or both. The choice you make here depends on the architecture you choose for your total cockpit setup

How does the simulator works?

The simulator sits on top of either an electronic motion base or a hydraulic lift system that reacts to user input and events within the simulation. As the pilot steers the aircraft, the module he sits in twists and tilts, giving the user haptic feedback. The word "haptic" refers to the sense of touch, so a haptic system is one that gives the user feedback he can feel. A joystick with force-feedback is an example of a haptic device. Some flight simulators include a completely enclosed module, while others just have a series of computermonitors arranged to cover the pilot's field of view. Ideally, the flight simulator will be designed so that when the pilot looks around, he sees the same controls and layout as he would in a real aircraft. Because one aircraft can have a very different cockpit layout than another, there isn't a perfect simulator choice that can accurately represent every vehicle. Some training centers invest in multiple simulators, while others sacrifice accuracy for convenience and cost by sticking to one simulator model.

 Example of Game PC The "Game PC" runs the Microsoft Flight Simulator and interfacing software to drive the "Cockpit interface", the "Cockpit" or both. The choice you make here depends on the architecture you choose for your total cockpit setup

Advantages
Flight simulators are used as a training device because of their overall effectiveness and efficiency in training pilots. Some of the advantages of using flight simulators include the following:2 Permit novice pilots to experience simulated flight without risk to him or her or to valuable aircraft. Availability - that is, flight simulation is not dependent on particular environmental conditions (good weather), or availability of a real aircraft. Correspondingly, it is possible to generate particular conditions without them having to be sought out in the real world.

Advantages
Risk-free introduction of emergencies and systems failures. When used during air crash investigations - ability to accurately replicate the environmental and flight conditions at the time of an accident to test pilot responses to those conditions. Instructional features recorded flight data, ability to replay and review a simulated flight or parts of it, allow matching of performance against criteria. Relieves instructor from flight duties and safety considerations. Permits trainee to make and learn from mistakes without risk.

Advantages
Accessibility simulation does not require a full flight progression (pre-flight, take-off, flight, landing, postflight), but permits repeated practice of a particular stage of flight, such as an ILS approach. Cost-effectiveness savings in crew time, fuel, maintenance to real aircraft, revenue that would be lost using a real aircraft, and environmental impact. Risk-free introduction of flight challenges, such as conflicting traffic, systems problems, difficult or unusual flight manoeuvres, poor weather conditions, wind sheer, and wake turbulence.

Disadvantages
Some of the disadvantages include the following:
Effect of the simulator environment on the operator. In a simulated accident situation, for example, we would not expect the simulator operator to experience the same stress levels as would be expected in anticipation of a real accident. Simulator users, particularly where used as part of a currency test, may be expected to have studied and therefore anticipate certain procedures, conditions, or emergencies during the course of their simulated flight. Shorter flight cycles do not accurately reflect pilot fatigue or boredom. In addition to the cost to build a simulator, they have ongoing operation and maintenance costs.

Problems and solutions

Problems
1. The software is only as good as the engineers designing it and the situations its designed for Simulator training is credited with saving thousands of lives. But the problem, is that in rare but critical instances they can trick pilots into habits that lead to catastrophic mistakes.

Solutions
The engineers that design the machine or program should conduct test in order to acquire real life data and apply it to the software in terms of how to control the plane. The pilot can perform simulation but he must also perform real-life training in order to acquire a real experience of the situation

2.

Problems and solutions

Problems
1. The simulation does not represent ALL possibilities of accidents that might occur The parts or devices in the simulator machine might be damaged or spoiled. Thus, the simulator cannot run the machine.

Solutions
They designer must gather information from authorities such as engineers to study the worst-case scenario and apply it in the simulation The designer must equip the machine with the best material so that it would not be damaged as it is used over and over again. A team of mechanics should be formed in terms of maintanance

2.

Problems and solutions

Problems
1. The program or software are based on a computer. So it is exposed to risks such as virus. The software can become obsolete and certain simulator does not provide training for all planes

Solutions
Proper firewall or antivirus should be install in it so that it might encounter the virus a R&D team is compulsory to overcome these problems. They should conduct research to improve the software.

2.

reference
1. How Virtual Reality Military Applications Work http://science.howstuffworks.com/virtualmilitary1.htm http://spectrum.ieee.org/podcast/aerospace/aviation/ whats-wrong-with-flight-simulators http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2010-08-311Acockpits31_ST_N.htm http://www.airliners.net/aviationforums/general_aviation/read.main/4915494/