SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE & ECONOMICS

PROJECT WORK

TYBMS : 2012-13

1.What is a Project?
1.1 Project is putting in action whatever you learn in a theory. 1.2 Project is a type of a field study, what is happening around the world.

2.What is Research?
Definition: Research defined, Systematic investigation into and study of material & sources in order to establish facts & reach new conclusions. Research is the systematic investigation of a particular subject.

2.1.Purpose of Research
2.1.1. Research is an organised inquiry scientifically designed & systematically conducted to generate verifiable information to guide decision making or problem solving. 2.1.2. Mandatory fulfillment of requirements prescribed for a degree or a diplomas & professions. 2.1.3. Self fulfillment & actualization- the underlying urge for creativity & innovation. 2.1.4. Social service & standings. 2.1.5. Consultancy assignments as a professional. 2.1.6. Accepting new challenges as an exciting & joyful proposition. 2.1.7. The underlying purpose of a research is the search of truth.

2.2.Research Terminology
Variables are of 3 types:
2.2.1. Dependent Variable : A dependent variable is an item whose performance or response is influenced or driven by the independent variable. e.g: profit before tax, profit after tax, dividends per share, earnings per share, market price per share, output/input ratios, absenteeism, employee turnover, job satisfaction, job enrichment, consumer preferences for one brand over another. 2.2.2. Independent Variable: An Independent variable is a factor which derives the behaviour performance of other variables. It is the factor which has an impact on the dependent variable. e.g. motivation, leadership, organizational structure, corporate culture, mix of debt & equity, proportion of current assets to current liabilities, recruitment & selection methods, bonus schemes, product quality, product differentiation techniques. 2.2.3. Intervening Variable: Intervening Variable is a variable which has the role of moderating the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. e.g:- If sales increase profit will go up provided the cost do not increase more than revenue. Here, Sales is the independent variable & profit is the dependent variable & cost is intervening variable.

3.Hypothesis
The relationship between two or more variables are hypothesized for the purpose of testing. The outcomes of the testing will decide whether there is (or not) a relationship between two or more variable. The testing can also reveal the extent of relationship. Hypothesis is an assumption based on a series of facts for inferring the existence of an object or the cause effect relationship between the dependent & independent variable.

3.1. Meaning of Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a statement which can be verified but which is as
yet neither proved nor disproved. A hypothesis is neutral. If the hypothesis is proved correct the statement assumed is true & the hypothesis is true. If the hypothesis is proved incorrect the statement assumed is false & the hypothesis stands rejected.

3.2. Need for Hypothesis

Hypothesis serves two purposes. One to collect facts & Second to corroborate or support theory. Thus hypothesis helps the researcher to identify the nature, content & volume of data required to test the hypothesis. The result arising out of hypothesis testing either provide solution or motivate further research. The ongoing process of research continues- research commences hypothesis & it may also end with a new set of hypothesis indicating the needs for further research.

4. Case studies
The detailed study of a single case is called Case Study. Case studies refer to the collection of live information relating to happenings in business. In the context of case study as a research tool for business, the case writer explores different episodes, events & experiences & simulates the same in the form of a business scenario. The case writer also manages the information through due changes in the case & support it with his own ideas & thoughts relating to the particular discipline or functional area of management. Projects undertaken by students help in the development of cases & contribute actively to management literature. Qualitative Research:
Research relating to the factors driving human behaviour is usually based on qualitative study. Information is obtained mainly through in-depth interviews. The information collected is analyzed & interpreted through inferences, deduction, logic, intuition, judgment & experience of the researcher. Certain other techniques of qualitative research include word association tests, sentence completion tests, story completion tests & similar projective techniques.

4.1.Types of Qualitative Research

4.1.1. Descriptive Research :
The main purpose of this research is to describe the present situation. Here the researcher attempts to discover the casual factors though there is no control over the variables. The study is useful in cases where the researcher wants to measure peoples preferences for one kind of toothpaste over another etc. Survey method is the key source for collection of relevant inputs to guide descriptive research.

4.1.2. Conceptual Research:

Arguments are presented on the basis of logic, deduction & sound reasoning followed by sequencing of ideas & thoughts to prove a new concept or demolish an existing one. It thus deals with abstract ideas & theoretical studies.

4.1.3. Fundamental Research: (Basic or Pure Research)

It is mainly concerned with generalizations & with the formulation of theory. For e.g.: Research relating to pure mathematics or physics.

5. Steps in preparation of Project Work

5.1. Introductory Steps:
Title Foreword Preface Acknowledgement Synopsis Contents

5.2. Main Steps :

Conceptualization of the problem Brief literature review Collection of information Conceptual frame of the Research Proposition

Research design & Plan Methods of data collection Analysis of data Stating of hypothesis Verification & conclusion.

5.1. Introductory Steps :

This part of the research work contains the introductory information of the research such as object of research, its nature, acknowledgement, bibliography etc. This contains the following topics: 5.1.1. Title: The first page is the title page of the research. Here the title of the project, name of the research institute, researcher, date of publication etc. is given. The title should be short & clear. If the main title is too long then there can be a sub-title too. While the title should be concise, it should effectively articulate the essential nature of the study.

SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS ANDHERI (EAST), MUMBAI : 400 069 BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIED PROJECT REPORT ON EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN HR
SUBMITTED BY REMYA RAMANKUTTY TYBMS (SEMESTER V) PROJECT GUIDE PROF. SEEMA SAWANT

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI 2010-11 {Pl. note the cover page & the 1st page of the project will be the same.}

DECLARATION
I --------------, OF SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE & ECONOMICS, OF TYBMS HEREBY DECLARE THAT I HAVE COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON ------------------------------------ DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 20092010. THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE.

DATE : ---------------------------

-----------------------------------------SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT

PLACE: ----------------------

CERTIFICATE
I Prof. ----------------- HEREBY CERTIFY THAT------------------------ OF SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE & ECONOMICS, OF TYBMS HAS COMPLETED HIS PROJECT ON ---------------------------- DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2009-2010. THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE.

-------------------------------------SIGNATURE OF PROJECT GUIDE :

--------------------------------------------SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL OF THE COLLEGE

5.1.2. Foreword:
If the research is sponsored by an Institute or a research body or agency, then the said entity gives a foreword for the research. The foreword will include the information about the objectives of the research, its nature, the institute sponsoring it & the objectives of the Institute.

5.1.3. Preface :
The researcher writes the preface, where he mentions in brief the objects of the study, nature of study, scope of the work etc.

5.1.4. Acknowledgement :
All persons who have helped the researcher in the project work in some way or the other find a place in the list of persons acknowledged. The valuable assistance offered is gratified here. It also serves as guidance for other researchers in the field as to how to develop an attitude of gratitude. for e.g. (Proforma)

5.1.4. Acknowledgement
Initially it was a thought Then it was an excitement Later it became a challenge And now it is a Success
Entrance, hard work, gradual progress and an existing year that is how have reached this level and now I stand at the threshold of the aside world. I take a look of the past year which I have spent in this college my performance with devotion of profession. So, first of all I would like to thank our college Shri Chinai College of Commerce & Economics and principal of the college Dr. Mrs. Malini Johri for this continuous faith and University of Mumbai who has given this opportunity to do this project in this curriculum. I would like to thank co ordinator _______ and my project guide _______ for being very supportive and help me to complete this project and also I would like to thank our Librarian for providing with the books o needed. So this goes to all those knowingly or unknowingly been a great support for me to complete the price of work. Last but not the least I gratefully acknowledge the immense and unfathomable motivation that I received from my parents. They not only enabled me to pursue this area of study but also guided me all through my deliriums.

6. Synopsis or Executive Summary

6.1. Meaning & Significance :
It is an important part of the Project work. In synopsis the researcher tries to give a complete overview of the results of his research work & his findings in brief. In the main project various analysis carried out along with the results are presented in an elaborate fashion. However, the results are given in brief in a synopsis. The main idea behind synopsis is to make the reader acquainted with what he is going to find in the pages to follow. The synopsis is often viewed in management world as Executive Summary usually presented through Bullet points.

6.2. Synopsis- What it contains?

The synopsis should contain enough details to let the reader know what research is being done with whom & to what effect? It should arouse the curiosity of the reader & enable him to assess whether the research is of interest to him & whether it is worthy of further reading. The synopsis should state briefly the objectives, how the independent & dependent variables are measured? What the hypothesis are? What were the outcomes of hypothesis testing & the conclusions? Synopsis should be sharply focused, brief & concise.

E.g. of Executive Summary:

6.1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The project report has been prepared on the most important topic in the business scenario, where most of the organizations are trying their best to survive grow in the competitive world. Survival the fittest is the only mantra in this business scenario. As diamond is the best friend of man, and man has great value it. In such an event, I have tried to discuss with some of the World statistics of the issues like Production, Export, Import etc. I had also interviewed few HR main executives to understand their policy regarding business, their strategies to suit industries. The study paper is based both on theory & export marketing policies followed in the organizations and the results are quite encouraging. The future marketing manager have to play a key role as catalyst or change agent and focus their attention in understanding human beings, their aspirations and how employees cover fulfill their roles models.

7. Contents
Contents too find an important place in the project work. The title of all the chapters, titles of articles, serial number of pages etc. are all mentioned in this page. A typical format of contents page is as follows:For e.g.:

Sr. No. 1 2 3

Topic Introduction Comparison India & world Conclusion

Page No. 7-14 16-34 35-37

8.Main Steps in Project Preparation

8.1. Conceptualization of the Problem / Object of Research :The first step in research is to search what is to be searched i.e. the problem. Finding a suitable problem for research depends upon the study & interest of researchers & their discussions with experts in the field & the motivation, which drives scholars into research.

8.2. Brief Literature Review :

For a typical BMS Project, the students have to indicate their awareness of the latest books, articles & research papers in the subject matter of the project. At least one Indian & one foreign book & two research articles (one Indian & one foreign & a few clippings from different sources need to be surveyed for the purpose of project.

8.3. Secondary Data : 8.3.1. Collection of Information :

The next step is to collect relevant information from the library, books, periodicals research, publications, & other sources like earlier studies including the methods that have been used & their currency in the prevailing state of the art. Electronic media has revolutionized the sources of data- internet, websites, audio video cassettes, CDs etc.

8.3.2. Conceptual frame of the Research Proposition or Problem:

Every science has its own terminology. For e.g.: In Economics the terms unemployment, poverty, demand etc., are used. Thus, all the concepts should be clearly defined. The researcher has to define the new concepts also to avoid confusion in the analysis & interpretation of the results. Further, the concepts & operational definition of important terms in use need to be listed. 8.3.3 Research Design & Plan: Research design & plan plays a major role in the preparation of project work. Research design refers to the technical specifications of the study in terms of methodology, nature of the experiments, testing to be carried out & the variables used. The following points should be considered while designing the plan: Statement of the problem Listing objectives & scope of study Sample size- reason for size chosen Proportion of the sample to the universe. Efficacy of the sample Listing of hypothesis to be tested Geographical coverage of the study

9. Methods of Data Collection

9.1. Primary Data:- i.e. the data collected by the researcher himself. 9.2. Secondary Data:- i.e. the data collected from research work of others or
from books, journals, websites & other sources. The choice between primary & secondary data depends on many factors like availability of time, availability of funds, accuracy desired, nature & scope of research & so on. 9.3. Collection of Data: In any research work, the researcher should indicate the methods adopted in collecting the data, sampling, choosing the size of the sample the reasons for choosing that particular method of sampling in lieu of others. 9.4. Presentation of Data:Data collected will be of no use unless it is meaningfully presented. Presenting data in the form of tables & various forms of visual display, wherever possible, aids the researcher in effectively communicating the contents of the research work. 9.5. Analysis of Data:Interpretation follows analysis. A variety of tools & techniques from simple to the complicated, from quantified to the qualitative is used to facilitate data interpretation.

9.6. Stating of Hypothesis:The researcher finds certain relationships between certain factors after his analysis. Such a relationship is called a hypothesis. It is a prediction made before conducting an experiment about the possible outcomes. The actual experiment tests these predictions & statistical tests enable the researcher to verify & validate their findings. 9.7. Verification & Conclusion :On the basis of data collected, it is examined whether the hypothesis of the project is true/ valid or not within the framework of the theory & conclusions are drawn. If the conclusions are supported by the data, the hypothesis is accepted & vice versa. The most important point here is that the inferences drawn by the researcher should be verifiable & validated.

10. Questionnaire Format

10.1. Topic : Brand Equity (for consumers)
Dear Madam/sir,
I am a management student undertaking a study on the Brand Equity for TTKs Prestige Brand of products. This exercise is a part of the project towards fulfilling the requirements of the management course. I would be obliged if you could provide me with some of your valuable time to answer a few questions. Name & Address : ______________________________ ______________________________

for e.g.: Closed ended questions:1. Have you heard of the brand Prestige? Yes No 2. Are you using any of the products of Prestige? Yes No

3. Do you check for the ISI mark before buying a prestige product? Yes No Sometimes

for e.g.: Open ended questions:4. If the Prestige Cooker is offered for sale with a different brand (you do not know that it is from TTK) would you buy it? If yes, please state the chances of percentage of buying.

e.g. Multiple Choice Question:5. How long do you know the brand name Prestige? 0-5 yrs. 5-10 yrs. 10-15 yrs. 15 & above

6. You will buy a product other than Prestige if it is : Just as good as Prestige Better than Prestige Far Better than Prestige Pl. note: There should be another questionnaire format for dealers also.

11. Graphs & Charts

These represent a visual representations of various events. Graphs & charts are widely used in business for long range planning as well as day today monitoring of business events. However, graphs & charts should be presented in as simple a manner as possible using the KISS Concept Keep it simple stupid. Complexities in charts & graphs may defeat the very purpose of preparing graphs & charts. Types of Graphs & Charts :11.1. Bar Charts (Histograms) 11.2. Line Graph 11.3. Pie Diagrammes. Note : Pl. mention the source of each graph, chart & diagrammes.

11.1 Line Graphs

11.1.2. Line Graph indicate the flow of amounts (quantities or monetary Values) 11.1.3.The flows are plotted for a period of time with the X axis showing the time horizon & Y axis indicating the amounts.

Vertical Bar Chart

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr East West North

Organogram
Organogram is the chart which shows the relationships in an organization.

11.2. Pie Diagrammes These indicates the proportion in which the parts of a whole are distributed.

11.3. FLOW CHARTS

Sale of Application Forms Receiving the Application Forms Written Test Written Test Result Group Discussion And Personal Interview Screening of application forms

Compilation[Combination of Written Test(WT)+ Group Discussion(GD)+ Personal Interview(PI)]

Accept

Composite Score

Reject

Allocation of Seat You have to give source of every diagram & charts

12. Bibliography

The artical name should be in italics. Dont write any search engine address. You have to mention book name first, for eg. Logistics & Supply Chain Management Vijaykumar Bhatia article in the newspaper , for e.g: Times of India, 28.08.2010 written by XYZ magazine names for e.g. Pandey, S. (2000), Status of Environment Education, University News, 38 (39) : 15 17 ( Year, Date, Publication) Ramesh (1999), Teaching Environment Law, University News, 37 (28) : 813 website names, for e.g.: www.ncsi,iisc.ernet.in www.delnet.nic.in www.eric.ed.gov

13. Tips on Research

Ask the right question Address the right target group Ask questions in the right way Obtain answers to questions Relate the answers to the end purpose of research Communicate effectively

14. Presentation for Viva Voce

14.1. Dos : i. Introduce yourself to the examiner and discuss about your field of study & reasons for choosing particular topics ii. Do make sure your clothes are descent formals and comfortable preferably the dress code adopted in your institution iii. Do make sure that you dont have any body odour and bad breath iv.Show the examiner that you are 100% serious v. Speak with conviction about your topic vi.Conclude well

Presentation for Viva Voce

14.2. Donts : i. Dont get aggressive ii. Dont smile right through iii.Dont agree with the examiner iv.Do not deviate from your topic v.Dont give model answers vi.Dont chew gums, smoke, use slang & profanity

Instructions to be followed while preparing the Project

Content Font size should be 12 & 14. Type should be Times New Roman Line spacing should be 1.5 lines (Left & Right spacing 1 Inch) Alignment should be Justify

Proper Format
Cover Page Declaration & Certificate should be on One page. Acknowledgement Letter of company visited Executive Summary Contents or Index Main Content Survey Report should be part of Main Content Conclusions Bibliography Annexure { Questionnaire Forms} (which include article, forms, financial Balance Sheet Statement)